Quantification of human adenovirus in irrigation water-soil-crop continuum: are consumers of wastewater-irrigated vegetables at risk?

Gholipour, Sahar; Hosseini, Mona; Nikaeen, Mahnaz; Mirfazaelian, Hadi; Sarmadi, Mahdieh; Saderi, Horieh; Hassanzadeh, Akbar

doi:10.1007/s11356-022-19588-y

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Adenovirus can persist on inanimate objects for an extended period, sometimes for several weeks following contamination [142]. Adenoviruses are resistant to UV light, which causes damage to DNA without affecting the proteins that are associated with adenoviruses' capacity to infect and replicate [143]. Adenovirus is often resistant to many lipid disinfectants due to its non-enveloped nature; however, it is inactivated by formaldehyde, bleach and heat [134].…”

Section: Adenovirusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Common and Potential Emerging Foodborne Viruses: A Comprehensive Review

Olaimat,

Taybeh,

Al-Nabulsi

et al. 2024

Life

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Human viruses and viruses from animals can cause illnesses in humans after the consumption of contaminated food or water. Contamination may occur during preparation by infected food handlers, during food production because of unsuitably controlled working conditions, or following the consumption of animal-based foods contaminated by a zoonotic virus. This review discussed the recent information available on the general and clinical characteristics of viruses, viral foodborne outbreaks and control strategies to prevent the viral contamination of food products and water. Viruses are responsible for the greatest number of illnesses from outbreaks caused by food, and risk assessment experts regard them as a high food safety priority. This concern is well founded, since a significant increase in viral foodborne outbreaks has occurred over the past 20 years. Norovirus, hepatitis A and E viruses, rotavirus, astrovirus, adenovirus, and sapovirus are the major common viruses associated with water or foodborne illness outbreaks. It is also suspected that many human viruses including Aichi virus, Nipah virus, tick-borne encephalitis virus, H5N1 avian influenza viruses, and coronaviruses (SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV) also have the potential to be transmitted via food products. It is evident that the adoption of strict hygienic food processing measures from farm to table is required to prevent viruses from contaminating our food.

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Section: Adenovirusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Common and Potential Emerging Foodborne Viruses: A Comprehensive Review

Olaimat,

Taybeh,

Al-Nabulsi

et al. 2024

Life

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“…In the city of Colorado Springs (CO, USA), urban reuse revealed a slight increase in gastrointestinal symptoms among people frequenting public parks irrigated with reused water compared to the use of a conventional water source [14]. Moreover, risk assessment studies reported an increase in gastrointestinal risk from the consumption of vegetables irrigated with treated sewage attributable to enteric viruses, i.e., human adenoviruses and noroviruses [15][16][17], and respiratory risk from the inhalation of Legionellae [18]. In fact, untreated sewage can contain human pathogens (viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and helminth eggs) in very high concentrations, i.e., in the order of 10 8 -10 10 per liter [19] and pathogen elimination is highly variable, depending on the treatment scheme and the resistance of the microbes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wastewater Treatment Plants Performance for Reuse: Evaluation of Bacterial and Viral Risks

Federigi,

Salvadori,

Lauretani

et al. 2024

Water

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Reusing reclaimed water is of paramount importance to achieve the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Goals 6 and 13. In Europe, a recent Regulation set minimum requirements for water reuse in agriculture. However, some challenges remain considering microbial risks and their prevention. In this study, two urban wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) were investigated from the perspective of reuse. A five-year investigation was performed on routine monitoring parameters collected under different weather conditions (wet/dry) and treatments (chlorination/non-chlorination) in inlet and outlet samples. Moreover, a three-month investigation focused on microbial parameters, including indicators, index pathogens (Human Adenovirus—HAdV, Salmonella spp.), and other viral pathogens (norovirus, enterovirus, and SARS-CoV-2). The long-term study revealed the compliance of both WWTPs for chemical parameters (organic substances and solids) in more than 90% of samples, whereas for Escherichia coli, the compliance ranged from 96.1% with chlorination under dry weather to 16.7% without chlorination in wet days. E. coli was positively associated with chemical oxygen demand (COD), which could be a promising and online measurable proxy of E. coli. The study on microbial performance demonstrated sound reliability in detecting E. coli as a suitable surrogate for Salmonella in chlorinated effluents, but neither bacterial nor viral indicators are able to represent HAdV. Although chlorination was able to remove most of the pathogens considered, the compliance with microbial indicators seems insufficient to represent viral water safety.

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