Quantification of Food Intake in Drosophila

Wong, Richard; Piper, Matthew D. W.; Wertheim, Bregje; Partridge, Linda

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0006063

Cited by 221 publications

(213 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…S1A). This result cannot be explained by increased consumption of the DDT-dosed food by the DR flies, because DR flies do not differ from fully fed flies in food intake (19,20). This finding demonstrates that DDT resistance is not necessary for increased longevity and is associated only with particular interventions that extend lifespan.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Nuclear hormone receptor DHR96 mediates the resistance to xenobiotics but not the increased lifespan of insulin-mutant Drosophila

Afschar

Toivonen

Hoffmann

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Lifespan of laboratory animals can be increased by genetic, pharmacological, and dietary interventions. Increased expression of genes involved in xenobiotic metabolism, together with resistance to xenobiotics, are frequent correlates of lifespan extension in the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans, the fruit fly Drosophila, and mice. The Green Theory of Aging suggests that this association is causal, with the ability of cells to rid themselves of lipophilic toxins limiting normal lifespan. To test this idea, we experimentally increased resistance of Drosophila to the xenobiotic dichlordiphenyltrichlorethan (DDT), by artificial selection or by transgenic expression of a gene encoding a cytochrome P450. Although both interventions increased DDT resistance, neither increased lifespan. Furthermore, dietary restriction increased lifespan without increasing xenobiotic resistance, confirming that the two traits can be uncoupled. Reduced activity of the insulin/Igf signaling (IIS) pathway increases resistance to xenobiotics and extends lifespan in Drosophila, and can also increase longevity in C. elegans, mice, and possibly humans. We identified a nuclear hormone receptor, DHR96, as an essential mediator of the increased xenobiotic resistance of IIS mutant flies. However, the IIS mutants remained long-lived in the absence of DHR96 and the xenobiotic resistance that it conferred. Thus, in Drosophila IIS mutants, increased xenobiotic resistance and enhanced longevity are not causally connected. The frequent co-occurrence of the two traits may instead have evolved because, in nature, lowered IIS can signal the presence of pathogens. It will be important to determine whether enhanced xenobiotic metabolism is also a correlated, rather than a causal, trait in long-lived mice.lifespan | xenobiotic resistance | IIS | nuclear hormone receptor | DHR96

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Nuclear hormone receptor DHR96 mediates the resistance to xenobiotics but not the increased lifespan of insulin-mutant Drosophila

Afschar

Toivonen

Hoffmann

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…As a more sensitive evaluation of relative preferences, we carried out a two-choice drinking assay, which has the advantage of allowing a direct comparison of the ingestion of two taste solutions presented simultaneously (16). This assay measures relative ingestion as an indirect measure of relative preference; however, previous studies have shown that there is a strong correlation between frequency of proboscis extension and ingestion (17). At 100 mM concentrations, flies preferred maltose over fructose and fructose over glucose ( Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Limited taste discrimination in Drosophila

Mašek¹,

Scott

2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

104

109

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In the gustatory systems of mammals and flies, different populations of sensory cells recognize different taste modalities, such that there are cells that respond selectively to sugars and others to bitter compounds. This organization readily allows animals to distinguish compounds of different modalities but may limit the ability to distinguish compounds within one taste modality. Here, we developed a behavioral paradigm in Drosophila melanogaster to evaluate directly the tastes that a fly distinguishes. These studies reveal that flies do not discriminate among different sugars, or among different bitter compounds, based on chemical identity. Instead, flies show a limited ability to distinguish compounds within a modality based on intensity or palatability. Taste associative learning, similar to olfactory learning, requires the mushroom bodies, suggesting fundamental similarities in brain mechanisms underlying behavioral plasticity. Overall, these studies provide insight into the discriminative capacity of the Drosophila gustatory system and the modulation of taste behavior.chemosensory | gustatory | neurobiology T he gustatory system allows animals to detect chemical compounds in the environment and determine their value as potential food sources. To make this assessment, animals detect two different features of taste stimuli with the gustatory system: the concentration and the quality of a taste compound. In humans, taste concentration is perceived as intensity and taste quality as a component of flavor. Determining how these two features of taste stimuli are encoded by the nervous system and used to direct behavior is central for the neural basis of taste perception.Mammals are thought to detect five different general taste qualities or modalities: sugars, bitter compounds, salt, acids, and amino acids (1). Each taste modality is detected by a unique taste cell population in the periphery, such that the activation of different taste cells provides a simple mechanism to encode modality. In addition, taste cells show dose-dependent activation, providing the potential to encode different concentrations.Although taste cell activity readily allows for modality and concentration discrimination, does it allow for finer discrimination of individual taste compounds? Animals distinguish sugars from bitter compounds, but do they distinguish compounds within a single modality? In principle, different sugars could activate slightly different taste cell populations or activate the same population with different temporal properties, and these differences could be exploited to allow for the discrimination of individual compounds. Alternatively, different taste compounds could activate the same taste cell population with a different efficacy and lead to a perceived difference in sugar concentration or intensity rather than quality.The Drosophila gustatory system provides an attractive model for studies of taste discrimination because it is an experimentally tractable system that retains similarities to mammalian taste. Like ...

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“…Female Drosophila consume approximately 3 times as much food as their male counterparts, have a much larger gut, and have more stem cells in their digestive tract (Wong et al, 2009). It was confirmed that during the 8h H 2 O 2 pre-treatment, male flies consumed considerably less of the sucrose/H 2 O 2 solution than did female flies, and this might mean that male flies have a lower exposure to the adaptive dose of H 2 O 2 and so are less responsive to H 2 O 2 pretreatment (supplementary material Fig.S1).…”

Section: Role Of the 20s Proteasome In H 2 O 2 -Induced Adaptation Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

A conserved role for the 20S proteasome and Nrf2 transcription factor in oxidative-stress adaptation in mammals, C. elegans and D. melanogaster

Pickering

Staab

Tower

et al. 2012

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYIn mammalian cells, hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 )-induced adaptation to oxidative stress is strongly dependent on an Nrf2 transcription factor-mediated increase in the 20S proteasome. Here, we report that both Caenorhabditis elegans nematode worms and Drosophila melanogaster fruit flies are also capable of adapting to oxidative stress with H 2 O 2 pre-treatment. As in mammalian cells, this adaptive response in worms and flies involves an increase in proteolytic activity and increased expression of the 20S proteasome, but not of the 26S proteasome. We also found that the increase in 20S proteasome expression in both worms and flies, as in mammalian cells, is important for the adaptive response, and that it is mediated by the SKN-1 and CNC-C orthologs of the mammalian Nrf2 transcription factor, respectively. These studies demonstrate that stress mechanisms operative in cell culture also apply in disparate intact organisms across a wide biological diversity. Supplementary material available online at

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Quantification of Food Intake in Drosophila

Cited by 221 publications

References 39 publications

Nuclear hormone receptor DHR96 mediates the resistance to xenobiotics but not the increased lifespan of insulin-mutant Drosophila

Nuclear hormone receptor DHR96 mediates the resistance to xenobiotics but not the increased lifespan of insulin-mutant Drosophila

Limited taste discrimination in Drosophila

A conserved role for the 20S proteasome and Nrf2 transcription factor in oxidative-stress adaptation in mammals, C. elegans and D. melanogaster

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