Quantification of fat-soluble vitamins in human breast milk by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Kamao, Maya; Tsugawa, Naoko; Suhara, Yoshitomo; Wada, Akimori; Mori, Toshiyuki; Murata, K.; Nishino, Riichiro; Ukita, Tetsuya; Uenishi, Kazuhiro; Tanaka, Kiyoshi; Okano, Toshio

doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.09.023

Cited by 106 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Vitamin A concentration in breast milk is highest during the first 10 d after delivery, after which it gradually decreases (13,14). Based on the values for average vitamin A concentration (411 mg RE/L) (14) and daily milk intake (0.78 L/d) (15,16), vitamin A intake in breast milk-fed infants aged 0 to 5 mo was estimated at 320 mg RE/d.…”

Section: Adequate Intake Of Infants Aged 0 To 5 Momentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the values for average vitamin A concentration (411 mg RE/L) (14) and daily milk intake (0.78 L/d) (15,16), vitamin A intake in breast milk-fed infants aged 0 to 5 mo was estimated at 320 mg RE/d. Thus, adequate intake (AI) for this age group was determined to be 300 mg/d.…”

Section: Adequate Intake Of Infants Aged 0 To 5 Momentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on these data, the AI of vitamin D for infants aged 0 to 5 mo with limited sun exposure was determined to be 5 mg/d. Recently, however, a S61 study using a novel, highly accurate procedure found the average vitamin D concentration in breast milk to be only 0.6 mg/L (14). If this value is employed, the average vitamin D intake of breast-milk-fed infants would be only 0.47 mg/d.…”

Section: Ai For Infantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The AI for infants aged 0 to 5 mo was determined to be 3.0 mg/d by multiplying the average a-tocopherol concentration in breast milk (3.5 to 4.0 mg/L) (14,60) by the average milk intake (0.78 L/d) (15,16).…”

Section: Ai For Infants Aged 0 To 5 Momentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Neonates are susceptible to vitamin K deficiency for various reasons, such as poor transplacental vitamin K transport (72), low vitamin K content in the breast milk (14,73), or low production of vitamin K in the intestinal flora (74). As neonatal vitamin K deficiency is known to cause neonatal melena, a form of gastrointestinal bleeding, and intracranial bleeding, vitamin K is orally administered just after birth for their prevention.…”

Section: Ai For Infants Aged 0 To 5 Momentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese 2010: Fat-Soluble Vitamins

Tanaka

Terao

Shidoji

et al. 2012

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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S57 Vitamin A Background informationCompounds with potent vitamin A activity in vivo after oral intake include retinol; retinal; carotenoids; and 50 different types of provitamin A carotenoids, including b-carotene, a-carotene, and b-cryptoxanthin. The retinol equivalent (RE) is the vitamin A unit used in Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese (DRIs-J) 2010, the most current Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) for the Japanese. Retinoic acid, a hormone binding to the nuclear receptor, is responsible for the majority of vitamin A activity in vivo, but is not converted to retinal or retinol in vivo, and its content in food is relatively low. Retinylester provitamin A carotenoids are the main forms of vitamin A contained in animal and plant foods, respectively. Retinylester hydrolase in the intestinal brush border catalyzes the hydrolysis of retinylester to retinol, which is then absorbed at a rate that ranges from 70% to 90% (1, 2). Cleavage of carotenoids yields 2 molecules of vitamin A (retinal) from b-carotene (3) and 1 molecule from other provitamin A carotenoids.In the DRIs-J 2010, the absorption rate of b-carotene is 1/6 of its total value, which is in accordance with rate in the DRIs for the United States and Canada (4). Assuming that the conversion rate of b-carotene to retinol is 50%, the bioavailability of b-carotene as vitamin A is 1/12 (1/631/2), such that 12 mg of food-derived b-carotene would correspond to 1 mg in RE units. Thus, the following formula can be used to convert the value of food-derived vitamin A-related compounds into RE units: Retinol equivalent (mg RE) 5 retinol (mg)1b-carotene (mg)31/12 1a-caro tene (mg)31/241b-cryptoxantin (mg) 31/241other provitamin A carotenoids (mg) 31/24. A word of caution is indicated when calculating the value for oil-solubilized b-carotene, as its bioavailability as a form of vitamin A is 1/2 of its total value, such that 2 mg of fat-solubilized b-carotene would correspond to 1 mg of retinol. Determining DRIsClassical vitamin A deficiency leads to corneal xerosis in infants and possibly to blindness and to night blindness in adults. Other deficiency signs include growth retardation; skeletal and neurological development defects; disturbed growth and differentiation of epi- Kobe, 658-8558, Japan (Received October 26, 2012) Summary We have determined the Dietary Reference Intakes for fat-soluble vitamins (vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, and vitamin K) for the Japanese. Regarding vitamin A, the estimated average requirement (EAR) and the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) were defined for those aged 1 y old and over. For vitamin D, vitamin E, and vitamin K, the EAR or RDA was not adopted, because of the insufficient data available. Thus, the adequate intake (AI) was determined for those vitamins based on the food surveillance data and biomarkers for each vitamin. The AI for vitamin D was decided as the median intake of vitamin D in the population with a circulating 25-hydroxy vitamin D level which was high enough for bone health. The basis for the AI for vi...

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Section: Adequate Intake Of Infants Aged 0 To 5 Momentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Adequate Intake Of Infants Aged 0 To 5 Momentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ai For Infantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ai For Infants Aged 0 To 5 Momentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ai For Infants Aged 0 To 5 Momentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese 2010: Fat-Soluble Vitamins

Tanaka

Terao

Shidoji

et al. 2012

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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Lipids in Infant Formula

Zou

Zhang²,

Pedersen

et al. 2020

Bailey's Industrial Oil and Fat Products

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Human milk (HM) provides the ideal nourishment for infant growth and cognitive development. The new advances in component and microstructure analyses of HM provide solid knowledge for developing better infant formulas to mimic HM to the largest extent possible. In this article, we reviewed the latest progress in the analysis and understanding of the physical structures, composition, and phospholipids and other minor components in HM lipids, as well as in its counterpart infant formula (IF) lipids. The similarities and differences of lipids between HM and IF suggest the gaps to be narrowed for improved IF development, as the theme of IF lipids studies, which are not only on fatty acid composition, but also on triacylglycerol (TAG) profiles and minor lipid species and level of supplements. The efforts and researches in searching alternative oils and fats and development of related chemical/enzymatic processes comprise a key focus of this article. The specifications to regulate IF market, marketing trend, and patenting status are also intensively discussed. Moreover, the risk substance controls of 3‐monochloro‐1,2‐propanediol (3‐MCPD esters) and glycidyl esters (GE) and the strategy to mitigate them during IF lipid process are also reviewed.

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Human Milk

Torres¹,

Park²

2013

Milk and Dairy Products in Human Nutrition

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Quantification of fat-soluble vitamins in human breast milk by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Cited by 106 publications

References 31 publications

Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese 2010: Fat-Soluble Vitamins

Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese 2010: Fat-Soluble Vitamins

Lipids in Infant Formula

Human Milk

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