Quantification of Early-Stage Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Cancer Requires Excluding Basophils

Abstract

Supplementary data -Supplementary Table S1 and Supplementary Fig. S1 Author contributions ANHK and BHS developed the study and wrote the manuscript. ANHK, TRE, EA, BS, and BHS designed and performed experiments and analyzed data. JTW performed morphological analysis and JM performed clinical data analysis. KHE oversaw the statistical analysis. KLS, TRE, JM, and JTW contributed to the manuscript preparation. JDT, KBM, KO, SIA, and BHS provided technical support and conceptual advice. All authors discussed the results and implications and commented on the manuscript at all stages.

Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells as Therapeutic Targets in Uterine Cervical and Endometrial Cancers

“…In addition to M–MDSCs and PMN–MDSCs, a third small population of MDSCs exhibiting promyelocytic appearance has been described in humans—immature or early-stage MDSCs, defined as CD33 + CD11b + HLA–DR − CD14 − CD15 − cells [ 4 , 8 ]. However, recent investigations have suggested that early-stage MDSCs defined by these surface markers include significant number of basophils [ 9 ]. Thus, further efforts will be required to define this MDSC subset.…”

Dual Targeting of Multiple Myeloma Stem Cells and Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells for Treatment of Chemotherapy-Resistant Multiple Myeloma

“…The immunosuppressive bone marrow microenvironment (BMME) in MM contains cellular elements that facilitate the immune evasion of malignant MM clones (9)(10)(11)(12)(13). These immunosuppressive cells include MDSCs, an immature myeloid cell population capable of inhibiting effector cytotoxic T-cell (CTL) populations as well as natural killer (NK) cells and contribute to the T-cell exhaustion which is a hallmark of the BMME in MM patients (4,(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20). In addition, regulatory T cells (Tregs), regulatory B-cells (Bregs), and tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) also contribute to BMME-associated immunosuppression (20).…”

Is There a Role for Basophils in Cancer?

“…In contrast, there are currently no reports that mouse basophils express TrkA. Both human and mouse basophils share the expression of a variety of chemokine receptors (13,(51)(52)(53)(54)(55)(56), but it remains to be determined if mouse basophils express CCR1 and CXCR1 (57). These phenotypic comparisons between human and mouse basophils are summarized in Table 1.…”

“…Peripheral blood basophils have also been associated with certain solid tumors ( 189 ). Basopenia appears to be associated with poor prognosis of colorectal cancer ( 190 , 191 ), whereas circulating basophils have no predictive role in breast cancer ( 192 ), ovarian cancer ( 54 ) and oral squamous cell carcinoma ( 193 ). Of note, high relative circulating basophils positively associated with improved outcome in melanoma patients undergoing immunotherapy with nivolumab plus ipilimumab ( 194 ).…”