Quantification of Diclofenac in Hospital Effluent and Identification of Metabolites and Degradation Products

Minetto, Luciane; Mayer, Francieli Martins; Mallmann, Carlos Augusto; Martins, Ayrton F.

doi:10.1002/clen.201100676

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…Note that a number of transformation products (TPs) can clearly be observed in the chromatogram. Some transformation products were tentatively identified based on their m/z and literature data (Pérez-Estrada et al, 2005;Yu et al, 2013;Minetto et al, 2012). Their suggested structures are shown in Table 8.…”

Section: Fate Of the Degradation Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical oxidation of key pharmaceuticals using a boron doped diamond electrode

Loos

Scheers

Eyck

et al. 2018

Separation and Purification Technology

104

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This study assesses the degradation by electrochemical oxidation via boron doped diamond (BDD) electrodes of the selected pharmaceutical compounds iopromide (IOP), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), 17alpha-ethinylestradiol (EE2) and diclofenac (DCF) in simulated wastewater and real hospital effluent wastewater. The influence of the flow rate in the electrochemical cell, applied current, initial compound concentration and wastewater matrix (simulated (SWW) versus real effluent (RWW) wastewater) was evaluated. A kinetic evaluation confirmed that the degradation can be described via pseudo first-order reaction kinetics for all experimental conditions tested. It was shown that SMX, EE2 and DCF degraded readily in SWW and RWW. The degradation of IOP was significantly slower, which is in agreement with previously reported slow degradation kinetics using typical advanced oxidation processes. Activation energies for the degradation reactions were calculated. The flow rate in the electrochemical cell had only a moderate effect on the degradation rate of EE2 and DCF. The applied current, however, had a major effect. The BDD electrochemical oxidation was shown to be an effective technique for removing pharmaceutical components from the effluent of a biological hospital wastewater treatment plant. However, the slower degradation of transformation products should be taken into account, when a full mineralization of the pharmaceuticals is pursued.

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Section: Fate Of the Degradation Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical oxidation of key pharmaceuticals using a boron doped diamond electrode

Loos

Scheers

Eyck

et al. 2018

Separation and Purification Technology

104

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“…Among available techniques for the identification and quantification of low amounts of unknown chemicals in complex matrices, mass spectrometry performed using a hybrid triple quadrupole/linear ion trap instrument has recently been proposed. − This instrument allows the acquisition of conventional multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) signals, and the product ion scan triggers information-dependent acquisition of MS/MS spectra of unknown chemicals within the same scan cycle. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and Quantification of Metabolites of the Fungicide Tebuconazole in Human Urine

Mercadante

Polledri

Scurati³

et al. 2014

Chem. Res. Toxicol.

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Tebuconazole (TEB) is a fungicide used in agriculture; the objective of this work was to identify and quantify TEB metabolites in human urine. Samples from seven vineyard workers exposed to TEB were submitted to liquid chromatography interfaced with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer, equipped with an electron spray source, and a linear ion trap to gain a profile of candidate metabolites. Based on the presence of the ion m/z 70 in the MS/MS spectra, which corresponds to protonated triazole (a specific moiety of TEB), and the isotopic pattern of the molecular ions, typical of molecules with one chlorine atom, hydroxyl and carboxyl derivatives of TEB, that is, TEB-OH and TEB-COOH, were identified as major metabolites, both as free molecules and as glucuronide (Glc) conjugates. The mean molar fractions were 0.67, 0.13, 0.13, and 0.07 for TEB-O-Glc, TEB-OH, TEB-COO-Glc, and TEB-COOH. Urine samples were submitted to hydrolysis with β-glucuronidase, and the free compounds were quantified in the presence of deuterated TEB (TEB-d6) as the internal standard (IS), by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The assay was linear in the ranges of 0.2-600 μg/L and 0.1-240 μg/L for TEB-OH and TEB-COOH, respectively; precision, accuracy, and the limit of quantification (LOQ) were<3.1%, 98-103%, and 0.3 μg/L for both analytes. An evaluation of matrix effects showed that the use of TEB-d6 controlled these sources of bias. The urinary levels of TEB-OH and TEB-COOH in specimens collected from farmers exposed to TEB ranged from 10 to 473 and from 3 to 159 μg/L, respectively.

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“…The treatment of the HUSM effluent is carried out through a simple septic tank and anaerobic filter system, after which it is discharged into a stream that flows across the campus. This treated effluent still has a very complex matrix and its direct discharge may pose a risk to the environment (Brenner et al 2010;Minetto et al 2012;Almeida et al 2013).…”

Section: Responsible Editor: Ester Heathmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The HUSM is the most important health institution in the central region of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Minetto et al 2012;Almeida et al 2013). The treatment of the HUSM effluent is carried out through a simple septic tank and anaerobic filter system, after which it is discharged into a stream that flows across the campus.…”

Section: Responsible Editor: Ester Heathmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of the psychoactive drugs carbamazepine and diazepam in hospital effluent and identification of their metabolites

Almeida

Oliveira

Mallmann

et al. 2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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This study addresses the occurrence of carbamazepine and diazepam and their metabolites in the wastewater of the University Hospital (HUSM) of the Federal University of Santa Maria, RS-Brazil. Samples were collected from three sampling points of the sewage treatment system: point A ('emergency effluent'), point B ('general effluent') and point C ('water course-receptor'). Eight metabolites were identified: carbamazepine-10-11-epoxide, 10-dihydro-carbamazepine, 2-OH-carbamazepine, iminoquinone, acridone, nordiazepam, oxazepam and temazepam. The mean concentrations in the emergency, general effluent and water course-receptor were as follows: 433.0 ± 4.7, 349.0 ± 5.0 and 485.0 ± 5.6 ng L(-1), for carbamazepine and 550.0 ± 4.3, 441.0 ± 7.9 and 586.6 ± 9.3 ng L(-1), for diazepam, respectively. Liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-QqLIT-MS) proved to be a method fit-to-purpose. The determination of carbamazepine and diazepam, and the identification of active metabolites showing environmental persistence (carbamazepine-10-11-epoxide, nordiazepam and oxazepam) revealed the need for a more effective treatment of the HUSM effluent. As far as we know, no similar study has been carried out on the wastewater of Brazilian hospitals.

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Quantification of Diclofenac in Hospital Effluent and Identification of Metabolites and Degradation Products

Cited by 13 publications

References 29 publications

Electrochemical oxidation of key pharmaceuticals using a boron doped diamond electrode

Electrochemical oxidation of key pharmaceuticals using a boron doped diamond electrode

Identification and Quantification of Metabolites of the Fungicide Tebuconazole in Human Urine

Determination of the psychoactive drugs carbamazepine and diazepam in hospital effluent and identification of their metabolites

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