Abstract:Ferrite of austeno-ferritic stainless steels maintained for a long time at temperatures in the range of 270 °C to 400 °C is embrittled like the known 475 °C embrittlement of ferritic stainless steels. Deformation and damage micromechanisms of a material must be known in order to apply the "local approach to fracture" (LAF) methodology. In this work we test a previous model of damage nucleation and evolution, extending its validity to low temperature - long term aging. We have determined cracking damage evoluti… Show more
The local approach to fracture (LAF) is a methodology aimed to calculate macroscopic fracture properties of a body, from the knowledge of the local stress - strain field at the fracture site, and the modeling of the acting fracture mechanisms. In the present work, this method was applied to a CF8M steel, aged 30000h at 325 °C, in order to elucidate if LAF could be able to describe the measured fracture toughness data. We have simulated the elastoplastic behavior using the Gurson model and the general methodology of Joly. The required parameters were obtained from the stress strain curve and from the damage progression study by quantitative metallography. We extended the validity of that methodology for a material aged in a more realistic condition, i.e. at a relatively lower temperature and for a longer time. The model was found satisfactory because it was able to describe the experimental distribution of the fracture probability vs. fracture strain of notched axisymmetric specimens, without any parameter fitting. The model also predicted the lower bound of the experimental distribution of the crack resistance at 0.2 mm of crack extension (J02)
The local approach to fracture (LAF) is a methodology aimed to calculate macroscopic fracture properties of a body, from the knowledge of the local stress - strain field at the fracture site, and the modeling of the acting fracture mechanisms. In the present work, this method was applied to a CF8M steel, aged 30000h at 325 °C, in order to elucidate if LAF could be able to describe the measured fracture toughness data. We have simulated the elastoplastic behavior using the Gurson model and the general methodology of Joly. The required parameters were obtained from the stress strain curve and from the damage progression study by quantitative metallography. We extended the validity of that methodology for a material aged in a more realistic condition, i.e. at a relatively lower temperature and for a longer time. The model was found satisfactory because it was able to describe the experimental distribution of the fracture probability vs. fracture strain of notched axisymmetric specimens, without any parameter fitting. The model also predicted the lower bound of the experimental distribution of the crack resistance at 0.2 mm of crack extension (J02)
Cast duplex stainless steel (CDSS) components suffer embrittlement after long-term thermal aging. The deformation and fracture behaviors of un-aged and thermally aged (at 400 °C for 20,000 h) CDSS were investigated using in situ scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The tensile strength of CDSS had a small increase, and the tensile fracture changed from ductile to brittle after thermal aging. Observations using in situ SEM indicated that the initial cracks appeared in the ferrite perpendicular to the loading direction after the macroscopic stress exceeded a critical value. The premature fracture of ferrite grains caused stress on the phase boundaries, leading the cracks to grow into austenite. The cleavage fracture of ferrite accelerated the shearing of austenite and reduced the plasticity of the thermally aged CDSS.
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