Quantification of biodiesel and adulteration with vegetable oils in diesel/biodiesel blends using portable near-infrared spectrometer

Paiva, Eduardo Maia; Rohwedder, Jarbas José R.; Pasquini, Célio; Pimentel, Maria Fernanda; Pereira, Claudete Fernandes

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2015.07.067

Cited by 76 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…Principal component analysis (PCA) was carried out to explore the spectral data set using several pre‐processing methods, such as 1st derivative, 2nd derivative, standard normal variate (SNV), multiplicative scatter correction (MSC), mean‐centering, auto‐scaling, and log 10 transformation. The best pre‐processing combination was selected to obtain the best separated PCA distribution.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Handheld NIRS have been applied in lipid analysis for quantitation of vegetable oil in diesel, for quantitation of trans fat in edible oils, for purity determination of copaiba oils, and for detection of lard adulteration in palm oil . Furthermore, specific olive (oil) applications concern the on‐line evaluation of the oil content of olives during olive processing and the measurement of olive oil acidity .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Handheld Near‐Infrared Spectroscopy for Distinction of Extra Virgin Olive Oil from Other Olive Oil Grades Substantiated by Compositional Data

Yan

Stuijvenberg

Ruth

2019

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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Miniaturization of analytical technology has paved the way for in‐situ screening of foods. In the current study, the spectral features of olive oils are examined by handheld near‐infrared spectroscopy to explore the technology's capabilities to distinguish extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) from lower grade oils. Eighty EVOO, forty refined olive oil (ROO), and ten pomace olive oil (POO) samples are analysed for their spectral and compositional features. The latter included analysis of the fatty acids (FAs), the chlorophylls and carotenoids, chromatic coordinates and moisture contents. The 1350–1570 nm wavelength range appeared most suitable for distinction of the oils. One‐class classification models with three different classifiers are subsequently estimated using this range, and their quantitative performance is assessed from probabilistic data. Soft independent modeling of class analogies models appears to predict the identity of the oils with a high success rate. Compared to the other oils, POO comprises a significantly higher and lower proportion of polyunsaturated and monounsaturated FAs, respectively. Higher contents of chlorophylls, carotenoids, and moisture are noted for EVOO. The relevant spectral information for distinction of the oils correlates strongly with the degree of unsaturation of the oils as well as their levels of chlorophylls, carotenoids, and moisture. Practical Applications: The findings of this study demonstrate that the handheld NIRS technique is promising for future rapid screening of olive oil grades. The statistical methods used and the robust validation procedure will help potential users to select the optimal strategy for multivariate data analysis. In addition, the exploration of correlations with compositional characteristics provides insight into the handheld NIRS working mechanism in regard to EVOO authentication.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Handheld Near‐Infrared Spectroscopy for Distinction of Extra Virgin Olive Oil from Other Olive Oil Grades Substantiated by Compositional Data

Yan

Stuijvenberg

Ruth

2019

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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“…Recent reports on the application of portable NIRS spectrometers have proven their good performance. Eduardo Maia Paiva et al [12] compared the performances between the portable and the benchtop instruments to determine the biodiesel content in diesel-biodiesel blends. They found that the performance of the portable instrument was comparable to the benchtop one, thus it was possible to use the portable spectrophotometer to monitor in situ the quality characteristics of diesel-biodiesel blends.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The performance of consumer-grade near infrared spectrometer in traditional Chinese medicine

Lin

Zhuang

Luo

et al. 2020

J. Eur. Opt. Soc.-Rapid Publ.

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Technical advances in instrument manufacturing have promoted the miniaturization and cost reduction of portable NIR spectrometers. The price of a device is now affordable to ordinary consumers, which might promotes the application of NIRS in real scenarios. Generally, the portable spectrometers have a lower spectral resolution and a narrower spectral region compared with the benchtop ones. Whether the consumer grade portable spectrometers is good enough for basic analysis in TCM (Traditional Chinese Medicine) remains unclear. Two real world applications were introduced in this work to evaluate the capability of consumer grade spectrometers solving complex problems. Spectra collected on bark samples were used to test the qualitative performance of the spectrometer. The result showed that the cross validation error of the hierarchical FDA (Fisher Discrimination Analysis) models was at most 0.0769. For the quantitative analysis, spectra of pharmaceutical powder were used to train a model to predict the moisture of new individual sample. The RPD (the Ratio of Performance to Deviation) value of the moisture model was 6.83. These results demonstrated the usability of the models built on NIRS data measured by consumer grade spectrometer.

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“…The challenges involved in the use of NIR in tracking fuel adulteration is intensified in a typical practice where diesel oil is adulterated with about 10-30% of kerosene. Adulteration of fuels is a serious problem [12], therefore recently developed spectral measurement and analytical methods have been suggested for the screening of adulterated liquid fuels [13][14][15]. The relatively cheap price of kerosene is probably the most important reason for its usage in illegal adulteration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A prototype of an optical sensor for the identification of diesel oil adulterated by kerosene

Kanyathare

Kuivalainen

Räty

et al. 2018

J. Eur. Opt. Soc.-Rapid Publ.

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Background: Liquid fuel adulteration has several far-reaching impacts such as environmental pollution. A widespread practice is typically the adulteration of diesel oil by kerosene. The relatively cheap price of kerosene is probably the most important reason for its usage in illegal adulteration. Herein, we demonstrate the use of a prototype optical sensor for efficient tracking of adulterated diesel oil. Methods: In this study, a prototype of an optical sensor for screening of fake diesel oil is proposed. The device exploits the phenomenon of laser light reflection from a fuel film over a roughened glass plate. The sensing mechanism of the devise is based on the refractive index mismatch between the glass and the fuel sample, and the wetting property of the fuel film over the roughened surface. For the sake of comparison, the refractive index for each of the fuel samples was measured at room temperature with the aid of an automatic temperature controlled Abbe table refractometer. The sensitivity of this prototype optical sensor was tested using training sets of diesel oil samples adulterated with low concentrations of kerosene. Results: Originally, a commercial handheld glossmeter, with a new innovation of a removable sensor head for liquid inspection is presented as a prototype sensor for the screening of possible adulteration of diesel oils with kerosene. The significant difference in the signal readings obtained from carefully prepared training sets of adulterated diesel oil composed of low percentages (5-15%) of kerosene has proven the high sensitivity of the developed sensor. Conclusions: The ability to detect low concentrations of kerosene in diesel using the newly developed hand-held prototype sensor proves its high sensitivity compared to a high-accuracy Abbe refractometer. We envisage that this proposed sensor could, in the future, be made accessible to the authorities as a mobile fake fuel measurement unit.

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Quantification of biodiesel and adulteration with vegetable oils in diesel/biodiesel blends using portable near-infrared spectrometer

Cited by 76 publications

References 27 publications

Handheld Near‐Infrared Spectroscopy for Distinction of Extra Virgin Olive Oil from Other Olive Oil Grades Substantiated by Compositional Data

Handheld Near‐Infrared Spectroscopy for Distinction of Extra Virgin Olive Oil from Other Olive Oil Grades Substantiated by Compositional Data

The performance of consumer-grade near infrared spectrometer in traditional Chinese medicine

A prototype of an optical sensor for the identification of diesel oil adulterated by kerosene

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