Quantification of antiretroviral drugs in dried blood spot samples by means of liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry

Koal, Therese; Burhenne, Heike; Römling, Regina; Svoboda, Michal; Resch, Klaus; Kaever, Volkhard

doi:10.1002/rcm.2158

Cited by 176 publications

(147 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…The blood sample can also be applied with a calibrated pipette onto the sampling paper/card, thus avoiding potential variability in blood samples due to hematocrit eff ect, blood volume infl uence, possible uneven distribution of blood on the card/paper and other sampling errors (Alfazil and Anderson, 2008;Burhenne et al, 2008;Garcia Boy, 2008;Koal et al, 2005). The pipette tip should be a few millimeters above the card/paper.…”

Section: Blood Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, a minimum of 2-3 h drying in an open space at room temperature (15-22°C) is recommended (Edelbroek et al, 2009;Mei et al, 2001). However, the drying time depends on the type of paper/card and the blood volume applied (Hoogtanders et al, 2007;Koal et al, 2005;Spooner et al, 2009). The samples should not be heated, stacked or allowed to touch other surfaces, and should be kept away from direct sunlight or daylight if needed (Burhenne et al, 2008).…”

Section: Drying Storage and Transportationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dried blood spot sampling in combination with LC‐MS/MS for quantitative analysis of small molecules

Li¹,

Tse²

2009

Biomedical Chromatography

535

428

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The collection of whole blood samples on paper, known as dried blood spot (DBS), dates back to the early 1960s in newborn screening for inherited metabolic disorders. DBS off ers a number of advantages over conventional blood collection. As a less invasive sampling method, DBS off ers simpler sample collection and storage and easier transfer, with reduced infection risk of various pathogens, and requires a smaller blood volume. To date, DBS-LC-MS/MS has emerged as an important method for quantitative analysis of small molecules. Despite the increasing popularity of DBS-LC-MS/MS, the method has its limitations in assay sensitivity due to the small sample size. Sample quality is often a concern. Systematic assessment on the potential impact of various blood sample properties on accurate quantifi cation of analyte of interest is necessary. Whereas most analytes may be stable on DBS, unstable compounds present another challenge for DBS as enzyme inhibitors cannot be conveniently mixed during sample collection. Improvements on the chemistry of DBS card are desirable. In addition to capturing many representative DBS-LS-MS/MS applications, this review highlights some important aspects of developing and validating a rugged DBS-LC-MS/MS method for quantitative analysis of small molecules along with DBS sample collection, processing and storage.

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Section: Blood Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Drying Storage and Transportationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dried blood spot sampling in combination with LC‐MS/MS for quantitative analysis of small molecules

Li¹,

Tse²

2009

Biomedical Chromatography

535

428

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“…DBS technology is increasingly being used in a variety of applications including newborn screening, epidemiological studies, and therapeutic drug monitoring [18][19][20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A method for long term stabilisation of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in dried blood spots and its clinical application

Liu

Mühlhäusler

Gibson

2014

Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids

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A method for long term stabilisation of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in dried blood spots and its clinical application, Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids, 2014; 91(6) Immediately  via their non-commercial personal homepage or blog  by updating a preprint in arXiv or RePEc with the accepted manuscript  via their research institute or institutional repository for internal institutional uses or as part of an invitation-only research collaboration work-group  directly by providing copies to their students or to research collaborators for their personal use  for private scholarly sharing as part of an invitation-only work group on commercial sites with which Elsevier has an agreement After the embargo period  via non-commercial hosting platforms such as their institutional repository  via commercial sites with which Elsevier has an agreementIn all cases accepted manuscripts should: link to the formal publication via its DOI  bear a CC-BY-NC-ND license -this is easy to do, click here to find out how  if aggregated with other manuscripts, for example in a repository or other site, be shared in alignment with our hosting policy  not be added to or enhanced in any way to appear more like, or to substitute for, the published journal article AbstractConventional assays of omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 LCPUFA) status in humans involve venous blood collection and expensive, multi-step processes that limit their usefulness as screening tools. This study aimed to develop a capillary dried blood spot (DBS) system capable of protecting n-3 LCPUFA from oxidation for up to 2 months at room temperature (20-25°C). We demonstrated that a DBS system comprising both an antioxidant and chelating agent on silica-gel coated paper prevented any significant change in the n-3 LCPUFA profile after 2 months. Our DBS assay was then tested in fifty subjects, and this demonstrated the presence of strong and significant correlations between the results obtained from the DBS system and those obtained from conventional measures for all fatty acids, in particular the n-3 LCPUFA EPA and DHA (r>0.96, P<0.0001). This study therefore validates our DBS system as a reliable method for the assessment of n-3 LCPUFA status in humans.

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“…Several analytical methods have been published for the analysis of EFV in plasma, either alone or in combination with other drugs, using HPLC-UV [14][15][16][17] and LC-MS/MS [18][19][20][21][22][23] techniques. Determination of EFV levels in human hair [7] and reports of determining nevirapine [8,10] and indinavir [24] from saliva have been published, but this study is the first validated LC-MS/MS method for the assay of EFV in saliva to be reported.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The method reported here incorporates positive electrospray ionization compared to the use of negative electrospray ionization reported by most published articles [19,23,25], allowing for the possibility to detect other antiretroviral drugs in a single run.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of salivary efavirenz by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry

Theron

Cromarty

Rheeders

et al. 2010

Journal of Chromatography B

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a b s t r a c tA novel and robust screening method for the determination of the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, efavirenz (EFV), in human saliva has been developed and validated based on high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Sample preparation of the saliva involved solid-phase extraction (SPE) on C18 cartridges. The analytes were separated by high performance liquid chromatography (Phenomenex Kinetex C18, 150 mm × 3 mm internal diameter, 2.6 m particle size) and detected with tandem mass spectrometry in electrospray positive ionization mode with multiple reaction monitoring. Gradient elution with increasing methanol (MeOH) concentration was used to elute the analytes, at a flow-rate of 0.4 mL/min. The total run time was 8.4 min and the retention times for the internal standard (reserpine) was 5.4 min and for EFV was 6.5 min. The calibration curves showed linearity (r 2 , 0.989-0.992) over the concentration range of 3.125-100 g/L. Mean intra-and inter-assay relative standard deviation, accuracy, mean extraction recovery, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.46-9.43%, 80-120%, 60% (±7.95), 1.84 and 6.11 g/L respectively. The working range was defined as 6.25-100 g/L. This novel LC-MS/MS assay is suitable for reliable detection of low EFV concentrations in saliva and can be used as a screening tool for monitoring EFV compliance.

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Quantification of antiretroviral drugs in dried blood spot samples by means of liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry

Cited by 176 publications

References 25 publications

Dried blood spot sampling in combination with LC‐MS/MS for quantitative analysis of small molecules

Dried blood spot sampling in combination with LC‐MS/MS for quantitative analysis of small molecules

A method for long term stabilisation of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in dried blood spots and its clinical application

Determination of salivary efavirenz by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry

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