Quantification of activated carbon contents in soils and sediments using chemothermal and wet oxidation methods

Brändli, Rahel C.; Bergsli, Anders; Ghosh, Upal; Hartnik, Thomas; Breedveld, Gijs D.; Cornelissen, Gerard

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2009.06.015

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The result from this study suggested the organic matter in our studied biochars was of low stability and mostly belonged to the labile non-carbonized organic matter fraction. This was implied by previous studies that char materials can be completely oxidized by the CTO-375 method(Brändli et al, 2009, Qi et al, 2017a with no carbonized organic matter fraction observed. In contrast to biochars, AC, with a C content of 67.5% after combustion, could endure thermal treatment much better than biochars.The ash content of WS, CL biochar and AC was 1.66%, 46.2% and 12.4%, respectively(Table 1).…”

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confidence: 54%

“…The zeta potential of all samples decreased consistently with increasing pH suggesting more net negative surface charge at higher pH. Zeta potential of the two original biochar samples was negative within the entire pH range investigated(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10). This was reflected in findings by who reported negative zeta potentials of all nine crop residue biochars within the pH range of pH 3-7 and in that byXu and Chen (2014) who noted that zeta potentials for a series of rice bran biochars made at 300 or 700 °C were all negative within pH 3-10.After combustion at 375 °C, both WS and CL biochars became less negatively charged while AC became more negatively charged.…”

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confidence: 91%

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Thermal stability of biochar and its effects on cadmium sorption capacity

Yan

Lamb

et al. 2017

Bioresource Technology

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In this study, the thermal stability of a wood shaving biochar (WS, 650°C), a chicken litter biochar (CL, 550°C) and an activated carbon (AC, 1100°C) were evaluated by combustion at 375°C for 24h to remove the labile non-carbonized organic matter. Results showed that WS and CL biochars were not thermally stable and can lose most of the organic C during combustion. The combusted WS and CL biochars retained considerable amounts of negative charge and displayed higher sorption for Cd (from 5.46 to 68.9mg/g for WS and from 48.5 to 60.9mg/g for CL). The AC retained 76.5% of its original C and became more negatively chargely after combustion, but its sorption for Cd slightly decreased (from 18.5 to 14.9mg/g). This study indicated that after potential burning in wildfires (200-500°C), biochars could have higher sorption capacity for metals by remaining minerals.

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confidence: 54%

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confidence: 91%

Thermal stability of biochar and its effects on cadmium sorption capacity

Yan

Lamb

et al. 2017

Bioresource Technology

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“…Sediment total organic carbon (TOC) analysis was performed as described by Grossman and Ghosh using a Shimadzu TOC analyzer with a solids sample module (TOC-5000A and SSM-5000A) and nondispersive infrared gas analyzer as recommended by the manufacturer. Activated carbon (AC) falls under the class of black carbon (BC) and was measured in sediments using a BC assay method tailored to include AC in sediments. , In this method, the natural organic carbon in sediments is first removed by chemical oxidation followed by TOC analysis of the residual carbon that includes any native BC and AC. TOC, BC, and AC values are reported as weight percent of dry sediments.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Activated carbon (AC) falls under the class of black carbon (BC) and was measured in sediments using a BC assay method tailored to include AC in sediments. 16,17 In this method, the natural organic carbon in sediments is first removed by chemical oxidation followed by TOC analysis of the residual carbon that includes any native BC and AC. TOC, BC, and AC values are reported as weight percent of dry sediments.…”

Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Pilot-Scale Field Study: In Situ Treatment of PCB-Impacted Sediments with Bioamended Activated Carbon

Payne

Ghosh

May

et al. 2019

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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A combined approach involving microbial bioaugmentation and enhanced sorption was demonstrated to be effective for in situ treatment of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). A pilot study was conducted for 409 days on PCB impacted sediments in four 400 m 2 plots located in a watershed drainage pond in Quantico, VA. Treatments with activated carbon (AC) agglomerate bioamended with PCB dechlorinating and oxidizing bacteria decreased the PCB concentration in the top 7.5 cm by up to 52% and the aqueous concentrations of tri-to nonachlorobiphenyl PCB congeners by as much as 95%. Coplanar congeners decreased by up to 80% in sediment and were undetectable in the porewater. There was no significant decrease in PCB concentrations in nonbioamended plots with or without AC. All homologue groups decreased in bioamended sediment and porewater, indicating that both anaerobic dechlorination and aerobic degradation occurred concurrently. The titer of the bioamendments based on quantitative PCR of functional marker genes decreased but were still detectable after 409 days, whereas indigenous microbial diversity was not significantly different between sites, time points, or depths, indicating that bioaugmentation and the addition of activated carbon did not significantly alter total microbial diversity. In situ treatment of PCBs using an AC agglomerate as a delivery system for bioamendments is particularly well-suited for environmentally sensitive sites where there is a need to reduce exposure of the aquatic food web to sediment-bound PCBs with minimal disruption to the environment.

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“…The complete disappearance of charcoal at 375°C was consistent with earlier studies (Hammes et al , ). The chosen temperature of 285°C was the optimal temperature at which most of the native SOC was combusted, whereas most of the charcoal remained stable (Elmquist et al , ; Brandli et al , ). Five samples were analysed in duplicate to determine the variation in analytical replicates.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Historical soil amendment with charcoal increases sequestration of non‐charcoal carbon: a comparison among methods of black carbon quantification

Kerré

Bravo

Leifeld

et al. 2016

European J Soil Science

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We have shown previously that soil with historical (> 150 years) applications of charcoal had larger recent (C4-maize derived) carbon content than adjacent soil; however, we could not determine whether there was an effect on older, C3-plant-derived, soil organic carbon (SOC). Therefore, we assessed the effect of historical additions of charcoal on the sequestration of recent and older SOC with a combination of 13 C analysis and different quantification techniques for black carbon (BC): dichromate oxidation (Cr 2 O 7 ), chemo-thermal oxidation (CTO-285) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Topsoils cropped with maize (Zea mays) under former charcoal production sites (N = 12) were identified in the field as black spots and had a larger (3.5%, P < 0.05) percentage of organic carbon (OC) contents than adjacent soil outside these spots (2.0%). The charcoal content varied with the detection technique used as follows: CTO-285 > DSC > Cr 2 O 7 . Black spots contained 1.6-1.7 times more (P < 0.05) maize-derived OC content than adjacent soil, irrespective of the BC quantification technique. The content of non-charcoal OC was 1.0-1.4 times larger in black spots than in adjacent soil, but differences were significant only for the Cr 2 O 7 method. Soil physicochemical fractionation showed that at charcoal production sites more OC was recovered in the particulate organic matter and silt and clay fractions. The 13 C analysis suggested that additional maize-OC in black spots was in the physically more protected silt and clay fraction. Overall, this study shows that historical charcoal amendment in soil enhances the accumulation of recent maize-derived OC in a temperate climate without replacing the older C stocks. Highlights• We assessed the effect of historical additions of charcoal on the sequestration of recent and older SOC.• Black spots contained 1.6-1.7 times more (P < 0.05) maize-derived OC content than adjacent soil.• Additional maize-OC in black spots was in the physically more protected silt and clay fraction.• Historical charcoal amendment in soil enhances the accumulation of recent maize-derived OC.

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Quantification of activated carbon contents in soils and sediments using chemothermal and wet oxidation methods

Cited by 15 publications

References 21 publications

Thermal stability of biochar and its effects on cadmium sorption capacity

Thermal stability of biochar and its effects on cadmium sorption capacity

A Pilot-Scale Field Study: In Situ Treatment of PCB-Impacted Sediments with Bioamended Activated Carbon

Historical soil amendment with charcoal increases sequestration of non‐charcoal carbon: a comparison among methods of black carbon quantification

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