Quantification of 5F-CUMYL-P7AICA in blood and urine from an authentic fatality associated with its consumption by UHPLC–MS/MS

Zawadzki, Marcin; Chłopaś-Konowałek, Agnieszka; Nowak, Karolina; Wachełko, Olga; Szpot, Paweł

doi:10.1007/s11419-020-00555-6

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…This drug has been also associated with other fatal cases worldwide. In Poland, Zawadski et al (2020b) reported a fatal intoxication of a 30-year-old man, with levels of 10,600 ng/ml in blood and 17,600 ng/ml in urine; in addition to eutylone and four N-ethylpentylone metabolites. Two fatal cases of 34-year-old males involving N-ethylpentylone in United States were reported by Atherton et al (2018) , with levels of 121 and 953 ng/ml in blood; in the first case, other drugs were also found and the cause of death was listed as due to methamphetamine, cocaine, fentanyl, and N-ethylpentylone intoxication.…”

Section: Fatal Cases Involving New Psychoactive Substance Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

Fatal cases involving new psychoactive substances and trends in analytical techniques

et al. 2022

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New psychoactive substances (NPS) are an emerging public health issue and deaths are commonly associated with polydrug abuse. Moreover, the number of new substances available is constantly increasing, causing intoxications in low doses, characteristics that impose to toxicology and forensic laboratories to keep routine methods up to date, with high detectability and constantly acquiring new analytical standards. Likewise, NPS metabolites and respective elimination pathways are usually unknown, making it difficult the detection and confirmation of the drug involved in the fatal case in an analytical routine. A literature search was performed on PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases for papers related to chromatographic analyses from fatal cases related to NPS use published from 2016 to 2021. A total of 96 papers were retrieved and reviewed in this study. Opioids, synthetic cathinones, phenethylamines/amphetamines and cannabinoids were the NPS classes most found in the fatal cases. In many cases, multiple compounds were detected in the biological samples, including prescription and other illegal drugs. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, an alternative to overcome the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry limitations for some compounds, was the analytical technique most used in the studies, and high resolution mass spectrometry was often applied to NPS metabolite investigation and structural characterization and identification of unknown compounds. Toxicological screening and quantitation methods need to be continuously updated to include new substances that are emerging on the drug market that can be fatal at very low doses.

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Section: Fatal Cases Involving New Psychoactive Substance Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

Fatal cases involving new psychoactive substances and trends in analytical techniques

et al. 2022

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“…In recent years, reports of fatal cases of toxic substances use for suicidal purposes have been rising worldwide, with the Internet contributing significantly to the prevalence. Unintentional fatalities after new psychoactive substances ingestion are well known nowadays [6][7][8][9][10], however, an increasing number of cases of suicide attempts using old, well-known drugs and poisons such as barbiturates [11][12][13][14], cyanide [15][16][17], chloroform [18,19], azide [20][21][22][23], and DMSO [24] (which were ordered online) are reported in the literature as well. The use of such substances is facilitated by the fact that such toxic substances can be easily purchased on websites such as eBay ® (https://www.ebay.com/, accessed on 2 August 2023) and Amazon ® (https://www.amazon.com/,accessed on 2 August 2023) [24][25][26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrites: An Old Poison or a Current Hazard? Epidemiology of Intoxications Covering the Last 100 Years and Evaluation of Analytical Methods

Tusiewicz,

Kuropka,

Workiewicz

et al. 2023

Toxics

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In recent times, there has been a concerning and noteworthy rise in the global use of sodium nitrite for suicidal purposes. This is facilitated either through the employment of specialized “suicide kits” or by acquiring sodium nitrite through alternative means. Additionally, another occurrence contributing to nitrite poisoning is the recreational utilization of nitrites in the form of volatile aliphatic esters of nitrous acid, commonly referred to as “poppers”. Based on current available papers and reports on the subject of nitrates, nitrites, and poppers intoxications, an epidemiological analysis and evaluation of analytical methods were performed. A total of 128 papers, documenting a collective count of 492 intoxication cases, were identified. Additionally, in order to complete the epidemiological profile of nitrite poisoning, the authors briefly examined six cases of nitrite intoxication that were under investigation in our laboratory. Furthermore, a review of nitrite poisoning cases over the past 100 years shows that the old poison is still in use and poses a substantial risk to society.

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Development of two ultra-sensitive UHPLC–QqQ-MS/MS methods for the simultaneous determination of hydroxyzine and its active metabolite (cetirizine) in human blood: applications to real cases of forensic toxicology

Chłopaś-Konowałek,

Szpot,

Zawadzki

et al. 2024

Arch Toxicol

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Both postmortem toxicological and medical-forensic examinations are very important in the case of analyzing various types of chemical substances. Hydroxyzine (HZ) is a first-generation antihistamine drug with a sedative effect that disrupts cognitive function and affects the ability to drive motor vehicles. Enzymatic oxidation of the hydroxy-methyl group to the carboxyl group leads to the formation of its main metabolite—cetirizine (CZ). CZ is the active substance of antiallergic drugs. Because it does not cross the BBB (blood–brain barrier) easily, it is less likely to cause drowsiness or affect memory and impair cognitive function. Therefore, in criminal studies, it is often important what medication had been taken by a person involved, e.g., in a car accident, HZ or CZ. The analysis of both antihistamine drugs is challenging, as usually very low concentrations of the compound of interest need to be determined. Thus, an ultra-sensitive UHPLC–QqQ-MS/MS method was developed for simultaneous determination of HZ and CZ in biological fluid samples. The lower limit of quantification (LOQ) for HZ and CZ was calculated as 0.345 and 0.3696 ng/mL, respectively. Together with a reduced sample volume to 200 μL, it makes the developed method suitable for a sensitive multidrug forensic toxicological analysis. Samples were extracted with simple and fast liquid–liquid extraction (ethyl acetate, pH 9). The present method for the determination of HZ and CZ in human blood proved to be simple, fast, selective, and sensitive. The quantification by LC–MS/MS was successfully applied to the samples coming from 28 authentic biological fluids (blood, urine, vitreous humor, bile and stomach content), both antemortem and postmortem. The performed studies confirm that the developed method is characterized by a high extraction efficiency. Its accuracy, reproducibility, simplicity, and selectivity suggest its application in clinical, toxicological, and forensic laboratories.

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Quantification of 5F-CUMYL-P7AICA in blood and urine from an authentic fatality associated with its consumption by UHPLC–MS/MS

Cited by 5 publications

References 18 publications

Fatal cases involving new psychoactive substances and trends in analytical techniques

Fatal cases involving new psychoactive substances and trends in analytical techniques

Nitrites: An Old Poison or a Current Hazard? Epidemiology of Intoxications Covering the Last 100 Years and Evaluation of Analytical Methods

Development of two ultra-sensitive UHPLC–QqQ-MS/MS methods for the simultaneous determination of hydroxyzine and its active metabolite (cetirizine) in human blood: applications to real cases of forensic toxicology

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