Quantification of 22 phthalate metabolites in human urine☆

Silva, Manori J.; Samandar, Ella; Preau, James L.; Reidy, John A.; Needham, Larry L.; Calafat, Antònia M.

doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.10.023

Cited by 388 publications

(296 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The analytical method for measuring DINCH and phthalate oxidative metabolites in urine, adapted from previous methods (Kato et al, 2005;Silva et al, 2007), is presented in detail in the Supporting information. Briefly, urine (0.1 mL) was spiked with an internal standard solution containing deuterium-or 13 C-labeled analogs of the target metabolites and a buffered β-glucuronidase solution (E. coli-K12; 25 μL, pH 6.5/1 M), and incubated for a minimum of 120 min.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental exposure to the plasticizer 1,2-cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid, diisononyl ester (DINCH) in US adults (2000—2012)

Silva

Jia

Samandar

et al. 2013

Environmental Research

127

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Abstract1,2-Cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid, diisononyl ester (DINCH) is a complex mixture of nine carbon branched-chain isomers. It has been used in Europe since 2002 as a plasticizer to replace phthalates such as di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) and diisononyl phthalate (DINP). Urinary concentrations of the oxidative metabolites of DINCH, namely cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acidmonocarboxy isooctyl ester (MCOCH); cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid-mono(oxo-isononyl) ester (MONCH); and cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid-mono(hydroxy-isononyl) ester (MHNCH), can potentially be used as DINCH exposure biomarkers. The presence of oxidative metabolites of DINCH in urine suggests that these oxidative metabolites can be used as DINCH biomarkers for exposure assessment even at environmental exposure levels.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental exposure to the plasticizer 1,2-cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid, diisononyl ester (DINCH) in US adults (2000—2012)

Silva

Jia

Samandar

et al. 2013

Environmental Research

127

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“…30 Metabolite concentrations were quantified at the CDC by using previously described methods. 31,32 …”

Section: Covariatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Early-Life Bisphenol A Exposure on Behavior and Executive Function in Children

et al. 2011

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WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT:Virtually all persons in industrialized countries are exposed to bisphenol A (BPA), and early-life BPA exposure might be associated with behavior problems. Few human studies have been conducted, and the impact of gestational versus childhood BPA exposures is unclear. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:BPA exposure during pregnancy, but not childhood, was associated with worse behavior at 3 years of age, especially among girls. Domains related to behavioral and emotional regulation were most affected by gestational BPA exposure. abstract OBJECTIVES:To estimate the impact of gestational and childhood bisphenol A (BPA) exposures on behavior and executive function at 3 years of age and to determine whether child gender modified those associations. METHODS:We used a prospective birth cohort of 244 mothers and their 3-year-old children from the greater Cincinnati, Ohio, area. We characterized gestational and childhood BPA exposures by using the mean BPA concentrations in maternal (16 and 26 weeks of gestation and birth) and child (1, 2, and 3 years of age) urine samples, respectively. Behavior and executive function were measured by using the Behavior Assessment System for Children 2 (BASC-2) and the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Preschool (BRIEF-P). RESULTS:BPA was detected in Ͼ97% of the gestational (median: 2.0 g/L) and childhood (median: 4.1 g/L) urine samples. With adjustment for confounders, each 10-fold increase in gestational BPA concentrations was associated with more anxious and depressed behavior on the BASC-2 and poorer emotional control and inhibition on the BRIEF-P. The magnitude of the gestational BPA associations differed according to child gender; BASC-2 and BRIEF-P scores increased 9 to 12 points among girls, but changes were null or negative among boys. Associations between childhood BPA exposure and neurobehavior were largely null and not modified by child gender. CONCLUSIONS:In this study, gestational BPA exposure affected behavioral and emotional regulation domains at 3 years of age, especially among girls. Clinicians may advise concerned patients to reduce their exposure to certain consumer products, but the benefits of such reductions are unclear. Pediatrics 2011;128:873-882 AUTHORS:

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“…Sensitive and specific analytical methods have been developed over the past decade to measure concentrations of phthalate metabolites in urine (Koch et al, 2003a;Itoh et al, 2005;Kato et al, 2005;Preuss et al, 2005;Silva et al, 2007Silva et al, , 2004. Phthalate urinary metabolite concentrations can be used in simple pharmacokinetic models to estimate daily intake (David, 2000;Kohn et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimated daily intake of phthalates in occupationally exposed groups

Hines

Hopf

Deddens

et al. 2009

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Improved analytical methods for measuring urinary phthalate metabolites have resulted in biomarker-based estimates of phthalate daily intake for the general population, but not for occupationally exposed groups. In 2003-2005, we recruited 156 workers from eight industries where materials containing diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), and/or di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) were used as part of the worker's regular job duties. Phthalate metabolite concentrations measured in the workers' end-shift urine samples were used in a simple pharmacokinetic model to estimate phthalate daily intake. DEHP intake estimates based on three DEHP metabolites combined were 0.6-850 mg/kg/day, with the two highest geometric mean (GM) intakes in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film manufacturing (17 mg/kg/day) and PVC compounding (12 mg/kg/day). All industries, except phthalate manufacturing, had some workers whose DEHP exposure exceeded the U.S. reference dose (RfD) of 20 mg/kg/day. A few workers also exceeded the DEHP European tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 50 mg/kg/day. DEP intake estimates were 0.5-170 mg/kg/day, with the highest GM in phthalate manufacturing (27 mg/kg/day). DBP intake estimates were 0.1-76 mg/kg/day, with the highest GMs in rubber gasket and in phthalate manufacturing (17 mg/kg/day, each). No DEP or DBP intake estimates exceeded their respective RfDs. The DBP TDI (10 mg/kg/day) was exceeded in three rubber industries and in phthalate manufacturing. These intake estimates are subject to several uncertainties; however, an occupational contribution to phthalate daily intake is clearly indicated in some industries.

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Quantification of 22 phthalate metabolites in human urine☆

Cited by 388 publications

References 24 publications

Environmental exposure to the plasticizer 1,2-cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid, diisononyl ester (DINCH) in US adults (2000—2012)

Environmental exposure to the plasticizer 1,2-cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid, diisononyl ester (DINCH) in US adults (2000—2012)

Impact of Early-Life Bisphenol A Exposure on Behavior and Executive Function in Children

Estimated daily intake of phthalates in occupationally exposed groups

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