Quantification method in [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose brain positron emission tomography using independent component analysis

Abstract

We have proposed a technique for estimating image-derived input functions using independent component analysis without blood sampling. The results of our method were highly correlated with those from standard blood sampling, and more accurate than those of other methods proposed previously.

Image-Derived Input Function for Brain PET Studies: Many Challenges and Few Opportunities

“…Carotid segmentation has been performed by both taking advantage of coregistered magnetic resonance images (MRI) (Fung et al, 2009;Litton, 1997;Trebossen et al, 1999), and by placing carotid ROIs directly on PET images (Chen et al, 1998;Liptrot et al, 2004;Mourik et al, 2008a;Su et al, 2005).…”

“…Examples of these automatic algorithms are k-means clustering (Liptrot et al, 2004), independent component analysis, when used to determine the spatial coordinates of the carotids Su et al, 2005), an algorithm based on analysis of local minima (Zanotti-Fregonara et al, 2009b) or a graphbased Mumford-Shah energy-minimization algorithm (Parker and Feng, 2005). Automatic algorithms may save time and reduce interoperator and intraoperator variability, but it is not clear whether they may provide more accurate kinetic modeling results (Chen et al, 1998.…”

“…Some methods select a limited number of hot voxels (such as the voxel with maximal intensity) from inside the carotid, which are assumed to be free of partial volume effects (Mourik et al, 2008a;Parker and Feng, 2005;Su et al, 2005). These methods are attractive because they are very easy to implement, and because they do not rely on precise estimates of vessel diameter to calculate a recovery coefficient.…”

Comparison of Eight Methods for the Estimation of the Image-Derived Input Function in Dynamic [18F]-FDG PET Human Brain Studies

“…The dynamic PET time sequence comprised 12 frames of 10 secs each, 2 Â 20 secs, 2 Â 150 secs, 5 Â 5 mins, 1 Â 7 mins, 1 Â 10 mins, and 1 Â 20 mins. Of note, most of the methods tested in the present study use a minimum frame duration of 10 secs or more in the original papers (Litton, 1997;Naganawa et al, 2005;Su et al, 2005;Parker and Feng, 2005;Mourik et al, 2008a;Zanotti-Fregonara et al, 2007). Image reconstructions were the same as for the phantom studies.…”

“…Su et al: Su adopted the approach originally described by Chen et al (1998), but replaced the venous samples with the local frame-wise maximal activity from the carotids (I max ), identified by independent component analysis (ICA), over the first 30 mins of the acquisition after tracer injection (Su et al, 2005). For carotid segmentation, we used the ICA method described by Cardoso and Souloumiac (1993).…”