Quantification and molecular characterization of enteric viruses detected in effluents from two hospital wastewater treatment plants

Prado, Tatiana; Silva, Dalton M.; Guilayn, Wilma C.; Rose, Tatiana Lundgren; Gaspar, Ana; Miagostovich, Marize Pereira

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2010.10.012

Cited by 114 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Currently, Tunisian efforts are focused on the upgrade to tertiary-level treatment (12). In contrast to previous studies showing viral reduction rates of 20% to 80% at STPs (4,11,44,45), our qualitative and quantitative data showed HAV levels in the outflows that were similar to or slightly lower than those in the inflows. These results point to a potential health risk if final effluents are discharged into fresh or marine water systems.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Detection and Molecular Characterization of Hepatitis A Virus from Tunisian Wastewater Treatment Plants with Different Secondary Treatments

Ouardani

Turki

Aouni

et al. 2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is the main causative agent of hepatitis infection associated with waterborne outbreaks worldwide. In Tunisia, there is no specific surveillance system for HAV and current secondary wastewater treatment processes are unable to remove viral particles, which present a potential public health problem. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of HAV in 271 raw and treated wastewater samples from five sewage treatment plants (STPs) during 13 months was performed. Moreover, the efficiency of three secondary wastewater treatment processes (conventional activated sludge, extended aeration, and oxidation ditch activated sludge) was evaluated. Data obtained demonstrated that HAV is endemic in Tunisia and circulates with high prevalence in both raw (66.9%) and treated (40.7%) wastewater. HAV circulates throughout the year in the coastal areas, with the highest rates found during summer and autumn, whereas in central Tunisia, high levels were shown in autumn and winter. Total virus removal was not achieved, since no difference in mean HAV loads was observed in effluents (6.0 ؋ 10 3 genome copies [GC]/ml) and influents (2.7 ؋ 10 3 GC/ml). The comparison of the HAV removal values of the three different wastewater treatment methods indicates that extended aeration and oxidation ditch activated sludge had better efficiency in removing viruses than conventional activated sludge did. Molecular characterization revealed that the vast majority of HAV strains belonged to subgenotype IA, with the cocirculation of subgenotype IB in wastewater treatment plants that collect tourism wastewater. IMPORTANCEThis report provides important data on the incidence, behavior, seasonality, and genotype distribution of HAV in the environment in Tunisia, as well as the risk of infection derived from its occurrence in effluents due to inadequate wastewater treatment. In addition, these findings seem to confirm that the prevalence of HAV depends on socioeconomic level, sanitary conditions in the communities, sewage facilities, the locality, and the climate. The wide dispersion of HAV in effluents proves the inefficacity of the current wastewater treatment processes used in Tunisia to remove virus; therefore, establishment of tertiary treatment processes or replacement of the medium-charge activated sludge (conventional activated sludge) by the low-charge version (oxidation ditch activated sludge) is absolutely needed. Rapid detection of the HAV genome in wastewater may provide a timely warning sign to health authorities to implement population protection measures. H epatitis A virus (HAV) is one of the most important human waterborne viruses and constitutes the main cause of human enteric hepatitis transmitted via the fecal-oral route (1). It is widely prevalent in the world, as millions of new cases of HAV infections occur worldwide every year (2). It was previously demonstrated that areas with inadequate water supply and poor wastewater facilities and hygienic conditions generally have very high HAV prevalence (3, 4). Th...

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Detection and Molecular Characterization of Hepatitis A Virus from Tunisian Wastewater Treatment Plants with Different Secondary Treatments

Ouardani

Turki

Aouni

et al. 2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…We estimated that the mean influent log 10 concentration of NoV GII over WWTPs (average, 3.9 log 10 gc/liter) was higher than the mean influent log 10 concentration for NoV GI (average, 1.5 log 10 gc/liter). This result is consistent with other reports in the literature (49,65,66) and with epidemiological data (4). A large variation in influent concentration was nevertheless observed from WWTP to WWTP (standard deviations, 2.2 and 1.3 for NoV GI and NoV GII, respectively).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Meta-Analysis of the Reduction of Norovirus and Male-Specific Coliphage Concentrations in Wastewater Treatment Plants

Pouillot

Doren

Woods

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Model results indicated that the mean WWTP influent concentration of NoV GII (3.9 log 10 gc/liter; 95% credible interval [CI], 3.5, 4.3 log 10 gc/liter) is larger than the value for NoV GI (1.5 log 10 gc/liter; 95% CI, 0.4, 2.4 log 10 gc/liter), with large variations occurring from one WWTP to another. For WWTPs with mechanical systems and chlorine disinfection, mean log 10 reductions were ؊2.4 log 10 gc/liter (95% CI, ؊3.9, ؊1.1 log 10 gc/liter) for NoV GI, ؊2.7 log 10 gc/liter (95% CI, ؊3.6, ؊1.9 log 10 gc/liter) for NoV GII, and ؊2.9 log 10 PFU per liter (95% CI, ؊3.4, ؊2.4 log 10 PFU per liter) for MSCs. Comparable values for WWTPs with lagoon systems and chlorine disinfection were ؊1.4 log 10 gc/liter (95% CI, ؊3.3, 0.5 log 10 gc/liter) for NoV GI, ؊1.7 log 10 gc/liter (95% CI, ؊3.1, ؊0.3 log 10 gc/liter) for NoV GII, and ؊3.6 log 10 PFU per liter (95% CI, ؊4.8, ؊2.4 PFU per liter) for MSCs. Within WWTPs, correlations exist between mean NoV GI and NoV GII influent concentrations and between the mean log 10 reduction in NoV GII and the mean log 10 reduction in MSCs.H uman norovirus (NoV) is the leading cause of food-associated gastroenteritis in the United States (1) and Canada (2). U.S. residents are estimated to experience five episodes of norovirus gastroenteritis in their lifetimes (3). NoV is primarily spread via the fecal-oral route. However, attribution of a particular case of NoV illness to a specific source is complex. The transmission may be direct (person to person) or indirect (via contact with contaminated fomites) or may occur through the ingestion of contaminated food or water (4). Noroviruses are genetically diverse, comprising six genogroups (5), three of which (genogroup I [GI], GII, and GIV) are capable of causing illness in humans (6).Among foodborne NoV outbreaks, bivalve molluscs (e.g., clams, oysters, mussels), leafy vegetables, and fruits are the most frequently implicated (7). More than half of the norovirus outbreaks attributed to the consumption of bivalve molluscs in the United States during the years from 2001 to 2008 are believed to have originated from contamination during production or processing (7). Bivalve molluscan shellfish typically grow in estuaries, which may contain NoV-contaminated human fecal material from municipal wastewater outfalls, combined sewer overflow, or nonpoint sources of pollution, including human waste discharged from marine vessels (8, 9). Bivalve molluscan shellfish feed on algae from the surrounding water. During this feeding process, each bivalve mollusc may filter 20 to 90 liters of water per day and bioaccumulate a variety of microorganisms, including viruses and bacteria that are associated with pollution sources (8,(10)(11)(12). Significantly, molluscan shellfish have been found to retain viruses to a greater extent and for much longer periods than they do bacteria (8,13,14). Bivalve molluscs, therefore, may become contaminated with NoV when they are grown in harvesting areas contaminated with human wastes.In the United States and in Canada, ar...

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“…Resultados positivos para detecção de enterovirus cultiváveis foram encontrados por Costán-Longares (2008) estudando águas residuais na Espanha, e Prado et al (2011) detectaram vírus entéricos em efluentes hospitalares tratados. Esses resultados demonstram a complexa remoção de vírus entéricos durante processos de tratamento de efluentes, tal como sua permanência no ambiente em que se depositam por meio de resíduos com contaminação fecal.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Temperatura de degradação de resíduos em processo de compostagem e qualidade microbiológica do composto final

Silva

Marco

Hahn

et al. 2013

Rev. bras. eng. agríc. ambient.

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RESUMOA técnica da compostagem é um recurso empregado com o objetivo de reciclar resíduos orgânicos domésticos e sanitizar o lodo produzido nas estações de tratamento de efluentes de esgoto (ETE) podendose obter um composto com propriedades de fertilizante agrícola e/ou corretor de solos degradados. A alta temperatura atingida pelo sistema deve ser responsável pela redução de micro-organismos patogênicos presentes no início do processo assegurando, desta forma, a qualidade microbiológica do composto sem oferecer riscos de contaminação, conforme preconiza a Resolução 354/2006 do CONAMA. Objetivouse, com o trabalho, avaliar a influência da temperatura sobre a redução de Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp., ovos de helmintos e vírus entéricos durante o processo de compostagem, além da contagem de bactérias heterotróficas. Foram realizados testes colimétricos, semeaduras em meios de cultivo, testes de visualização de ovos de helmintos e detecção molecular de vírus entéricos. Os resultados indicaram oscilação nas contagens de E. coli e de bactérias heterotróficas, mesmo após a fase termofílica. Por outro lado, não foi detectada a presença de Salmonella sp., vírus entéricos nem de ovos viáveis de helmintos, ao final do processo. Palavras-chave: lodo de esgoto, coliformes, matéria orgânicaEvaluation of degradation temperature of compounds in a composting process and microbiological quality of the compost ABSTRACT The composting technique is a promising alternative for the treatment of solid organic residues, along with the sludge produced in sewage treatment plants. The final compost might show fertilizer properties, which can be used to recover poor soils. The high temperatures that the composting process can achieve are responsible for the reduction of the pathogenic microbial population, helminth eggs and virus present in the beginning of the process. This behavior assures the microbial quality of the compost according to the 375/2006 Resolution of the CONAMA. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of temperature on Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp., helminth egg and enteric virus presence in the final product from a composting process. For this matter colimetric assays were performed together with the seedling of the samples in different culture media, the assay for helminth eggs visualization under the microscope and the identification of enteric virus. The results showed an oscillation on E. coli and heterotrophic bacteria counts, even after the thermophilic phase. On the other hand, Salmonella sp., helminth eggs and enteric virus were not found in the final compost.

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Quantification and molecular characterization of enteric viruses detected in effluents from two hospital wastewater treatment plants

Cited by 114 publications

References 44 publications

Detection and Molecular Characterization of Hepatitis A Virus from Tunisian Wastewater Treatment Plants with Different Secondary Treatments

Detection and Molecular Characterization of Hepatitis A Virus from Tunisian Wastewater Treatment Plants with Different Secondary Treatments

Meta-Analysis of the Reduction of Norovirus and Male-Specific Coliphage Concentrations in Wastewater Treatment Plants

Temperatura de degradação de resíduos em processo de compostagem e qualidade microbiológica do composto final

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