Quantification and Mitigation of Unfairness in Active Power Curtailment of Rooftop Photovoltaic Systems Using Sensitivity Based Coordinated Control

Latif, Aadil; Gawlik, Wolfgang; Pálenský, Peter

doi:10.3390/en9060436

Cited by 25 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…The main difference between these base variables is that the scheduled energy output and capacity factor omit unfairness due to for instance a bad location of the installation, which is implicitly included if the rated power of the installation is used as a base. The fairness index applied in [15] thus considers both the unfairness due to the location and the energy curtailment. To assess the unfairness resulting from system operation, the scheduled energy output or capacity factor are more appropriate base variables.…”

Section: Fairness In a Power System Reliability Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, Strbac et al [14] recognize the importance of fairness, which they assess by studying detailed reliability data on graphs and in tables. Second, Latif et al [15] take this one step further in the context of active power curtailment of rooftop photovoltaic (PV) systems. They define two measures that quantify fairness: the standard deviation of the absolute amount of PV energy curtailment and the standard deviation of PV energy curtailment normalized to the rated power of the PV installation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fairness and inequality in power system reliability: Summarizing indices

Heylen

Ovaere

Proost

et al. 2019

Electric Power Systems Research

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As the power system is undergoing major changes that affect different stakeholders unequally, power system literature increasingly recognizes the importance of fairness. This paper focuses specifically on the concept and quantification of fairness in the context of power system reliability. Power system decisions not only affect the overall, system reliability level, but also the reliability level for individual end-users, such as generators, flexibility providers and end-consumers, depending on their location and characteristics. We analyze and propose Gini-based and variance-based fairness indices. The proposed indices summarize the inequality and inequity of the distribution of reliability between different entities in power systems in a single number, which is a measure of the perceived fairness of the reliability level. These indices allow decision makers to assess the effect of power system decisions on fairness of reliability, to track it over time and to take appropriate actions to decrease unfairness. This will help to ensure the social acceptability of power system decisions. The use of the fairness indices is illustrated using two case studies: real reliability data and system development.

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Section: Fairness In a Power System Reliability Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fairness and inequality in power system reliability: Summarizing indices

Heylen

Ovaere

Proost

et al. 2019

Electric Power Systems Research

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show abstract

“…Although in LV networks, where lines R/X ratio is above 1, it has been demonstrated that a better stability control would be achieved through P/V and Q/f droops [28][29][30], the paper focuses on present standard requirements, so it investigates solely the stabilizing functions defined in present grid codes (P/f and Q/V) to verify the effectiveness of currently required protections in avoiding dangerous operating conditions, in particular the unintentional islanding.…”

Section: Interface Protection System For Dgmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Energy Storage Systems Grid Code Requirements on Interface Protection Performances in Low Voltage Networks

Bignucolo

Cerretti²,

Coppo

et al. 2017

Energies

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Abstract:The ever-growing penetration of local generation in distribution networks and the large diffusion of energy storage systems (ESSs) foreseen in the near future are bound to affect the effectiveness of interface protection systems (IPSs), with negative impact on the safety of medium voltage (MV) and low voltage (LV) systems. With the scope of preserving the main network stability, international and national grid connection codes have been updated recently. Consequently, distributed generators (DGs) and storage units are increasingly called to provide stabilizing functions according to local voltage and frequency. This can be achieved by suitably controlling the electronic power converters interfacing small-scale generators and storage units to the network. The paper focuses on the regulating functions required to storage units by grid codes currently in force in the European area. Indeed, even if such regulating actions would enable local units in participating to network stability under normal steady-state operating conditions, it is shown through dynamic simulations that they may increase the risk of unintentional islanding occurrence. This means that dangerous operating conditions may arise in LV networks in case dispersed generators and storage systems are present, even if all the end-users are compliant with currently applied connection standards.

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“…Latif et al . quantified curtailed energy by calculating the difference between the inverter active power output and maximum active power point [15]. Curtailment estimation based on inverter production data would require a system‐wide deployment of communications infrastructure to capture and relay data to system operators.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of solar photovoltaic energy curtailment due to volt–watt control

Emmanuel

Giraldez

Gotseff

et al. 2020

IET Renewable Power Generation

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The widespread deployment of autonomous inverter-based solutions for mitigating voltage and frequency excursions caused by high-penetration photovoltaic (PV) systems has drawn increased attention due to their potential impact on PV production. It is now important to quantify the amount of solar energy curtailed as a result of the activation of inverter-based grid support functions (GSFs). This study proposes a methodology for estimating the impact of volt-watt on customer PV energy curtailment using smart meter voltage data. This method estimates maximum possible curtailment for a given volt-watt curve based on the customer smart meter voltage during the time period of interest. This study compares the proposed methodology with field measurements using irradiance and customer inverter data from Hawaii as well as with results from a previous simulation-driven study on the impact of advanced inverter GSF activation on PV energy curtailment. Results show that the proposed method for estimating lost PV production caused by volt-watt control aligns reasonably well with field measurements and computer simulations for hundreds of customers. The proposed method could be used to estimate customer energy curtailment, which could inform future compensation mechanisms for utilities leveraging customer-sited resources to mitigate high voltage and defer infrastructure upgrades.

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Quantification and Mitigation of Unfairness in Active Power Curtailment of Rooftop Photovoltaic Systems Using Sensitivity Based Coordinated Control

Cited by 25 publications

References 24 publications

Fairness and inequality in power system reliability: Summarizing indices

Fairness and inequality in power system reliability: Summarizing indices

Effects of Energy Storage Systems Grid Code Requirements on Interface Protection Performances in Low Voltage Networks

Estimation of solar photovoltaic energy curtailment due to volt–watt control

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