Quantification and identification of microplastics in organic fertilizers: the implication for the manufacture and safe application

Xu, Jiming; Yang, An‐Gang; Yan, Yu; Xu, Yuqi; Tang, Minyi; Li, Penghui; Zhao, Lanfeng; Zhang, Xinming; Ren, Zongling

doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1332449/v1

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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“…Among four different WWTP effluents from the research in Sweden, MPs were found to be a maximum of 16.7 ± 1.96 × 10³ items/kg (Magnusson and Norén, 2014). Commercial organic fertilizer from China (Xu et al, 2022) contains more MP (9210.4 ± 1743.1 items/kg) than that from Bangladesh. However, another study on organic fertilizer from 22 provinces (differently formulated) in China (Zhang et al, 2022) found it to contain fewer MP (325 ± 511 items/kg) than Bangladeshi commercial fertilizers.…”

Section: Surface Morphology Of Mp By Sem and Edaxmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The potential contribution of microplastic pollution by organic fertilizers in agricultural soils of Bangladesh: quantification, characterization, and risk appraisals

Rana

Haque

Tasnim

et al. 2023

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Although plastics are being recycled worldwide, a significant amount of plastic is still directly exposed to the environment and, in the end, forms microplastic (MP) particles (<5 mm). Soil is a significant sink for plastic waste. Thus, MP is considered an emerging threat to terrestrial ecosystems. Among several sources, organic fertilizer can be a potential source of MP to contaminate agricultural soils. Therefore, it is hypothesized that commercial organic fertilizer acts as a carrier of MP to agricultural soils in Bangladesh. Hence, 18 organic fertilizers were collected from different local markets in Bangladesh and subjected to the following available MP separation/extraction techniques. Then, a series of experimental steps were conducted, such as microscopic inspection, identification through Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), to identify and characterize MP. The data were analyzed statistically using both qualitative and quantitative approaches. On average, 1,529.62 ± 420.2 MP items/kg of organic fertilizer were detected in the study, ranging from 433.33 ± 152.75 items/kg to 3,466.67 ± 1,357.69 items/kg in different organic fertilizers. The size range of 0.5 mm–1.00 mm (30%) was predominant among five different size ranges. The fiber was dominant over various shapes, and seven colors were observed, with black being the most prevalent. Overall, in a year, 971.31–1,387.37 items/m3 area was introduced through organic fertilizer to land. These MPs further contaminate soil biota and groundwater by their distribution pattern. According to the polymer hazard index (PHI), pollution load index (PLI), and potential ecological risk index (PERI), this organic fertilizer belongs to hazard categories III, V, and extreme danger, respectively. This study clearly explains the presence of MP in commercially available organic fertilizers and their probable effects. This could be applicable in further policy planning to reduce contaminants in formulating organic fertilizers.

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Section: Surface Morphology Of Mp By Sem and Edaxmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MP has been identified in organic fertilizers in different countries (Weithmann et al, 2018;Xu et al, 2022;Zhang et al, 2022). However, in Bangladesh, previous research is yet to be performed on MP in available organic fertilizers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%