Quantification and characterisation of Trichoderma spp. from different ecosystems

Abstract

Basal stem rot of oil palm caused by Ganoderma boninense is of major economic importance. Observations of the low incidence of disease due to Ganoderma species in natural stands, suggest that the disease is kept under control by some biological means. Trichoderma spp. are saprophytic fungi with high antagonistic activities against soil-borne pathogens. However, their abundance and distribution are soil and crop specific. Trichoderma species have been found to be concentrated in the A1 (0-30 cm) and Be soil horizons (30-60 cm), although the abundance of Trichoderma was not significantly different between the oil palm and non-oil palm ecosystems. Characterisation of Trichoderma isolates based on cultural, morphological and DNA polymorphism showed that T. harzianum, T. virens, T. koningii and T. longibrachiatum made up 72, 14, 10 and 4% of the total Trichoderma isolates isolated. As Trichoderma species are present in the oil palm ecosystem, but at lower numbers and in locations different from those desired, soil augmentation with antagonistic Trichoderma spp. can be developed as a strategy towards integrated management of basal stem rot of oil palm.

Effect of formulated bioorganic containing Burkholderia GanoEB2 in suppressing Ganoderma disease in oil palm seedlings

“…They have been considered for control doi: 10.17221/26/2014-PPS of various diseases in crop plantations including BSR disease in oil palm tree due to their ability to colonise intracellular and intercellular tissue of plants at a certain time of their life cycle and minimise the chance of such pathogens to colonise the area (Kloepper et al 1999;Hallmann et al 2001), morover without causing any harm to the host or gaining benefit other than residency within the plants tissues (Azevedo et al 2000;Kobayashi & Palumbo 2000). Studies by Abdullah et al (1999), Ilias (2000), Sariah et al (2005), and Susanto et al (2005) proved that endophytic fungus, Trichoderma spp., showed high efficacy in controlling the growth of BSR disease in plant house trials and under field condition. Sapak et al (2008) and Bivi et al (2010) proved that endophytic bacteria from the genus Burkholderia can reduce the incidence of BSR disease.…”

M13-microsatellite PCR and rDNA sequence markers for identification of Trichoderma (Hypocreaceae) species in Saudi Arabian soil

“…Species in the filamentous fungal genus Trichoderma are of great economic importance as sources of enzymes and antibiotics, plant growth promoters, decomposers of xenobiotics, and most importantly, as commercial biofungicides (Sieburg, 1990;Howell, 2003;Sariah et al, 2005). Thus, they are potential candidates for biocontrol applications.…”

“…There is limited information on the population dynamics of Trichoderma, particularly its survivability and proliferation in relation to soil type, soil depth and cropping history in Peninsular Malaysia (Sariah et al, 2005). However, the search for new phylogenetic markers is strongly recommended.…”

Influence of crop species and edaphic factors on the distribution and abundance of trichoderma in alfisol soils of southern India

“…It is generally agreed that only a small percentage of the 1.5 million fungi world-wide are culturable (HAWKSWORTH and ROSSMAN 1997). Nevertheless, up to now, many studies have investigated fungal diversity by using culture-dependent approaches (ATTITALLA et al 2012, OKOTH et al 2009, SARIAH et al 2005. In spite of studies examining the bioinoculant potential of Trichoderma against various plant pathogens in Alfisol soils (MANJULAet al 2004, KUMAR et al 2012, information on the survivability and proliferation of fungi in relation to soil type and factors is limited.…”