Quantification and Antimicrobial Resistance of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Retail Seafood in Hanoi, Vietnam

Abstract

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a major cause of foodborne diseases and a significant threat to human health worldwide. Most of the infections caused by V. parahaemolyticus are usually associated with the consumption of raw or undercooked seafood. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence, quantitative load, and antimicrobial resistance of V. parahaemolyticus in retail seafood in Hanoi, Vietnam. A total of 120 seafood samples consisting of marine fish (n = 30), oysters (n = 30), shrimp (n = 30), and squid (n = 30) were purchased from different traditional markets in Hanoi between May and October 2020. Isolation of V. parahaemolyticus was based on ISO/TS 21872-1:2017, and the most-probable-number (MPN) method was used for quantification. The disk diffusion method was applied for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Overall, V. parahaemolyticus was detected in 58.33% of the samples. V. parahaemolyticus was most commonly isolated in shrimp samples, with a prevalence of 86.67%, followed by fish (53.33%), squid (53.33%), and oysters (40%). One V. parahaemolyticus isolate from an oyster carrying the trh gene was detected. Of the positive samples, 27.14% contained V. parahaemolyticus counts of less than 2 log MPN/g, whereas 44.29% ranged from 2 to 4 log MPN/g and 28.57% contained more than 4 log MPN/g. Regarding antimicrobial resistance, 85.71% of V. parahaemolyticus isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic tested. The highest rate of resistance was observed against ampicillin (81.43%), followed by cefotaxime (11.43%), ceftazidime (11.43%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (8.57%), and tetracycline (2.86%). The results demonstrate the high prevalence and quantitative load and the antimicrobial resistance of V. parahaemolyticus isolated from seafood sold in the study area. HIGHLIGHTS

Incidence, genetic diversity, and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in seafood in Bangkok and eastern Thailand

“…Our study demonstrated a high prevalence of AMR phenotypes among the 36 V. parahaemolyticus isolates for ampicillin (83%, 30/36) and colistin (100%, 36/36), which was in consistent with the frequent outbreaks of ampicillin- and colistin-resistant V. parahaemolyticus isolates reported in the past 5 years ( Lopatek, Wieczorek & Osek, 2018 ; Dahanayake et al, 2020 ; Mok et al, 2021 ; Nishino et al, 2021 ; Vu et al, 2022 ). The blaCARB gene was present in all 36 V. parahaemolyticus isolates, confirming ampicillin-resistant phenotypes and susceptible phenotypes to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ampicillin/sulbactam, and piperacillin/tazobactam.…”

Prevalence, multidrug resistance, and biofilm formation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from fish mariculture environments in Cat Ba Island, Vietnam

“…Additionally, significant levels of antibiotic residues, including ampicillin, erythromycin, and tetracycline, have been detected in aquaculture water in Vietnam, which may contribute to the increasing resistance rates to these antimicrobials [ 37 ]. Conversely, other studies have shown that ampicillin, tetracycline, and erythromycin were effective against V. parahaemolyticus strains, with over 90% of isolates being inhibited [ 10 , 38 – 40 ]. The variability in resistance of Vibrio to antibiotics may be attributed to geographical differences or variations in testing methodologies [ 5 ].…”

Multi‐antibiotics resistance phenotype of pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease in Litopenaeus vannamei farmed in the Mekong Delta

“…Some V. parahaemolyticus strains are harmful to humans; they were responsible for 25% of seafood-borne diseases in the Can Tho and Tra Vinh provinces in the Mekong Delta in 2015 and 2016 (T. Tran et al, 2018). In a recent study (Vu et al, 2022), V. parahaemolyticus was isolated most frequently from shrimp samples (86.67%), and most of the isolates (85.71%) were resistant to at least one antibiotic tested. The greatest resistance rate was found for ampicillin (81.43%), followed by cefotaxime (11.43%), ceftazidime (11.43%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (8.57%), and tetracycline (2.86%).…”