Quality testing of veterinary antimicrobial products used for livestock in Vietnam, 2018–2019

Huong, Luu Quynh; Bich, Thuy Nguyen Thi; Hoang, Long Ta; Erickson, Vera Irene; Padungtod, Pawin

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0247337

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The global veterinary medicine market expected to reach $85,059.4 million by 2030 [ 8 ]. Though veterinary medicines are one of the critical elements in improving productivity of livestock, informal pharmaceutical supply chains and illegal marketing, poor-quality medicines, medicines misuse and inappropriate use are prevailing factors [ 9 – 11 ], that could contribute to treatment failure, antimicrobial resistance development and economic losses [ 12 – 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on identification, assay and organoleptic quality of veterinary medicines in Ethiopia

Tefera¹,

Bacha²,

Belew

et al. 2022

J of Pharm Policy and Pract

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Background Medicines of poor quality are currently prevailing problems undermining the quality of health care services in veterinary and human medicine. In this study, physico-chemical quality of veterinary medicines was evaluated. Methods A total of 959 veterinary medicines samples were collected during routine regulatory activities, i.e. pre-registration, re-registration, consignment checking and post-marketing surveillance, in Ethiopia. The samples were transported to Animal Products, Veterinary Drug and Feed Quality Assessment Centre (APVD-FQAC), which is the quality control laboratory of the Veterinary Drug and Feed Administration and Control Authority (VDFACA) and stored until analysis. The samples were subjected to visual inspection and chemical analysis following the United States, European or British Pharmacopoeias, or manufacturer’s methods. Results The findings revealed that 12 (1.3%) of tested products showed defects in physical characteristics, packaging, or labelling information, while a total of 66 (6.9%) samples of the investigated products failed to comply with the Pharmacopoeias and supplier’s specification limit set for assay. Of these, 60 samples did not comply with the minimum assay specification limit. Conclusion Overall, 8.2% of the investigated veterinary medicine samples did not comply with the specification set for the investigated quality attributes and thus were categorized as of poor quality. This indicates the need for continued strengthening of regulatory functions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on identification, assay and organoleptic quality of veterinary medicines in Ethiopia

Tefera¹,

Bacha²,

Belew

et al. 2022

J of Pharm Policy and Pract

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“…In another study conducted in Vietnam, analysis of veterinary antimicrobials indicated that among the 144 samples analyzed, about 91% met the national quality standard. Ten antimicrobials (6.9%) contained less than half the concentrations of the labeled content (8). With regard to the inspection of veterinary drugs in Brazil, there is an important gap in MAPA's inspection bodies regarding the conformity assessment of products being marketed in the domestic market.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Market Information Commission points out that antimicrobials rank third in representativeness by therapeutic class (13). In Brazil, among the first-generation cephalosporins, cephalexin (CEP) appears prominently in veterinary dermatological medicine and as the first choice in the treatment of skin infections (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9). The supervision of veterinary medicines is the responsibility of the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply (MAPA) (2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality evaluation of solid pharmaceutical preparations for veterinary use containing cephalexin

Carpes

Venturi²,

Steppe³

2023

Drug Anal. Res.

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The analysis of pharmaceuticals is fundamental in both human and veterinary medicine. In this context, quality control must accompany the process from the acquisition of raw material to the transformation into a finished product, since its goal is to ensure safe and effective drugs for human or animal consumption. Considering the significant increase in veterinary prescriptions containing antimicrobial drugs, the present work carried out a search for information about the qualification of veterinary preparations available in the national market, highlighting, through legislation, the quality parameters applied to pharmaceutical products for veterinary use. The quality of solid pharmaceutical preparations containing cephalexin, acquired in the national veterinary pharmaceutical market, was also evaluated. The six different brands of cephalexin tablets and coated tablets analyzed in this study were approved with regard to identification, average weight, determination of mechanical strength in tablets, disintegration test, and content. The results of the determination of the content varied between 94.9% and 103%, being within the limits indicated for preparations for human use, as recommended by USP 44 and the Brazilian Pharmacopeia 6th edition. Even so, it is important to emphasize the need for improvement in the legislation that regulates the quality control of medicines for veterinary use, since the norms are not very specific, with an absence of parameters, specifications, and release procedures that ensure which tests should be performed. This study is a perspective that can bring subsidies for investigations of other therapeutic classes, considering the large number of formulations available in the Brazilian market of veterinary medicines.

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“…Whether this is enough is doubtful, as agro-veterinary shops are traders who may be motivated by profits. Quality assurance of antimicrobials used in animals and human is a critical control point, which help in curbing AMR through assurances for potency and efficiency [32] and must be taken seriously. Antimicrobials were administered by farmers through injections while mixing with water and other liquids before administration was also a common delivery method.…”

Section: Farmersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices, and Perceptions of livestock stakeholders on Antimicrobial Use in Kenya

Omolo¹,

Omani²,

Caudell³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) remains a challenge in Kenya, while the extent remains unknown. To assess the knowledge, cultural beliefs, practices, and behavioral patterns among multisectoral stakeholders in Kenya. The cross-sectional survey was conducted in August 2021 among farmers, animal health service providers and AMR researchers. Regional digital data collection tool developed by FAO was shared and responses obtained through mail, phone calls and direct interviews. Descriptive and inferential analysis were conducted. Antimicrobials were mostly sourced from agro-veterinary shops and from veterinary professionals. Farmers, often implement self-treatment and reported overuse, unnecessary use, and sometimes fail to complete the dosage in livestock. More farmers reported to have heard about antibiotics as compared to antimicrobials, mostly from friends and radio program, however only 9.2% could correctly differentiate the two. Animal Health Service Providers (AHSP) were the source of information to farmers regarding AMR. AHSPs mainly relied on suppliers and distributors for information about antibiotics. Both farmers and AHSPs treated viral infections with antibiotics. One Health Partners (OHPs) had higher knowledge and largely favorable attitudes towards AMR. Up to 72.7% of OHPs from training institutions had AMR included in training curriculum however, they were optimistic livestock farmers and government were less concerned about AMR. Gaps in knowledge and practice on Antimicrobial Stewardship (AMS) were observed in all categories of stakeholders. Given the documented knowledge-practice gap, innovative solutions are needed for both AHSPs and farmers to promote good antimicrobial stewardship practices and to mitigate burdens of AMR. Outcomes of this research should deepen the understanding of critical information and trigger behavioral change in usage and stewardship of antimicrobials.

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Quality testing of veterinary antimicrobial products used for livestock in Vietnam, 2018–2019

Cited by 6 publications

References 7 publications

Study on identification, assay and organoleptic quality of veterinary medicines in Ethiopia

Study on identification, assay and organoleptic quality of veterinary medicines in Ethiopia

Quality evaluation of solid pharmaceutical preparations for veterinary use containing cephalexin

Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices, and Perceptions of livestock stakeholders on Antimicrobial Use in Kenya

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