“…For decoded video without availability of the coding parameters, frame freeze can be simply detected by frame difference [85]; in the cases when the frame rate is available, the jerkiness effect can be evaluated using the frame rate [122,134,192] or more comprehensively, both the frame rate and temporal activity (i.e., motion) [60,91]. The location, number and duration of lost frames were estimated via inter-frame correlation analysis in [109], while lost frames and the density of group dropping were detected by inter-frame dissimilarity to measure fluidity in [126,127], in which it was concluded that, for the same level of frame loss, scattered fluidity breaks introduce less quality degradation than aggregated ones.…”