Quality parameters relevant for densification of bio-materials: Measuring methods and affecting factors - A review

Gilvari, Hamid; Jong, Wiebren de; Schott, Dingena L.

doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2018.11.013

Cited by 94 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…However, when the moisture content of the raw material was 4%, DU of the pellets was only 96.1%, which did not meet the requirements of the standard. In addition, according to the study of Kaliyan and Morey [57,58], under high moisture content conditions, due to the incompressibility of water, the moisture inside the particles may prevent the release of the completely smoothed natural binder. Moreover, the hydrogen bonds between the polymers of the particles could be replaced by bonds of water molecules, resulting in the formation of water film between particles, potentially resulting in the low BD and DU of samples.…”

Section: Effect Of Moisture Content On Physical Properties Of Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

Pelletization of Sunflower Seed Husks: Evaluating and Optimizing Energy Consumption and Physical Properties by Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

et al. 2019

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Pelletization is a significant approach for the efficient utilization of biomass energy. Sunflower seed husk is a common solid waste in the process of oil production. The novelty of this study was to determine the parameters during production of a novel pellet made from sunflower seed husk. The energy consumption (W) and physical properties (bulk density (BD) and mechanical durability (DU)) of the novel pellet were evaluated and optimized at the laboratory by using a pelletizer and response surface methodology (RSM) under a controlled moisture content (4%–14%), compression pressure (100–200 MPa), and die temperature (70–170 °C). The results show that the variables of temperature, pressure, and moisture content of raw material are positively correlated with BD and DU. Increasing the temperature and moisture content of raw materials can effectively reduce W, while increasing the pressure has an adverse effect on W. The optimum conditions of temperature (150 °C), pressure (180 MPa), and moisture content (12%) led to a BD of 1117.44 kg/m3, DU of 98.8%, and W of 25.3 kJ/kg in the lab. Overall, although the nitrogen content was slightly high, the novel manufactured pellets had excellent performance based on ISO 17225 (International Organization for Standardization of 17225, Geneva, Switzerland, 2016). Thus, sunflower seed husk could be considered as a potential feedstock for biomass pelletization.

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Section: Effect Of Moisture Content On Physical Properties Of Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

Pelletization of Sunflower Seed Husks: Evaluating and Optimizing Energy Consumption and Physical Properties by Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

et al. 2019

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“…The huge increase in the use of biomass, in particular solid biomass, has raised concerns regarding its transport, storage, and handling, due to its inherent low bulk and energy density and high moisture content [3]. The combination of torrefaction and densification is proved to increase the bulk and energy density and decrease the moisture content of raw biomass [4]. Torrefaction is a thermochemical treatment process, in which biomass is heated at a temperature of 200-300 • C in an oxygen-free environment, and results in the partial decomposition of biomass and removes different types of volatiles, such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, methane, steam, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Environmental Conditions on the Degradation Behavior of Biomass Pellets

et al. 2020

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Biomass pellets provide a pivotal opportunity in promising energy transition scenarios as a renewable source of energy. A large share of the current utilization of pellets is facilitated by intensive global trade operations. Considering the long distance between the production site and the end-user locations, pellets may face fluctuating storage conditions, resulting in their physical and chemical degradation. We tested the effect of different storage conditions, from freezing temperatures (−19 • C) to high temperature (40 • C) and humidity conditions (85% relative humidity), on the physicochemical properties of untreated and torrefied biomass pellets. Moreover, the effect of sudden changes in the storage conditions on pellet properties was studied by moving the pellets from the freezing to the high temperature and relative humidity conditions and vice versa. The results show that, although storage at one controlled temperature and RH may degrade the pellets, a change in the temperature and relative humidity results in higher degradation in terms of higher moisture uptake and lower mechanical strength.

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“…In contrast, softer briquettes make their logistics difficult and expensive. Furthermore, they have inferior fuel power, cannot feed thermal conversion equipment suitably, and release dust and fines easier [33,34,44]. These particulates are hazardous for self-firing and generation of off-gassing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomass-glycerol briquettes are not necessarily mechanically stable and energetically effective

Moreira

Viana

Moreira

et al. 2020

Waste Dispos. Sustain. Energy

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The re-use of glycerol from biodiesel industry as an alternative lubricant for making high-performance briquettes is usual. However, the technical performance of this agro-industrial residue is not consistent. This study outlines, accordingly, the real risk of introducing glycerol into the co-briquetting of highly caloric by-products of energy-crops. The production of hybrid briquettes consisted of pressing mixtures of residues of sugarcane and sorghum with the liquid additive at 10, 20, and 30 wt.% in bench-scale hydraulic piston presser machine. Irrespective of the blend, briquettes containing the supplement at the highest level as part of their composition ended up being much more hygroscopic (20.10%) and less energetic (3.15 GJ m −3). The explanation for the negative impact of glycerol on the thermomechanical behavior of briquettes would be overconcentration of additive capable of effectively defying compacting biomass. The degree of compaction during co-briquetting has likely gone down quickly with a maximizing level of glycerol. As long as the additive is not able to lubricate the feedstock suitably, improbability of biomass particles to successfully bond together to form themselves into mechanically stable and energetically effective briquettes is large. Besides lower density (273.80 kg m −3) and higher relaxation (22.75%), briquettes with glycerol at 30 wt.% generally were aesthetically unpleasing. Practically, these products resisted no longer to handling, transportation, and storage. They lost their shape easily during emptying and shifting them, thus, releasing larger quantities of biomass to the environment. Preliminary evidence of high-viscosity glycerol capable of limiting safe and effective production of high-performance briquettes for heating and power exists.

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Quality parameters relevant for densification of bio-materials: Measuring methods and affecting factors - A review

Cited by 94 publications

References 65 publications

Pelletization of Sunflower Seed Husks: Evaluating and Optimizing Energy Consumption and Physical Properties by Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

Pelletization of Sunflower Seed Husks: Evaluating and Optimizing Energy Consumption and Physical Properties by Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

The Effect of Environmental Conditions on the Degradation Behavior of Biomass Pellets

Biomass-glycerol briquettes are not necessarily mechanically stable and energetically effective

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