Quality of Well Water in Ede Area, Southwestern Nigeria

Adediji, A.; Lt, Ajibade

doi:10.1080/09709274.2005.11905785

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…As can be seen from Fig. 4E, after desalination, the sodium ions decreased from 5,200 mg/L, 1,5228 mg/L, and 13,000 mg/L to 0.12 mg/L, 0.99 mg/L, and 0.56 mg/L, respectively, far below drinking water standards (200 mg/L) (42,43). As shown in Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 78%

Graphene oxide-based efficient and scalable solar desalination under one sun with a confined 2D water path

Tang

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

1,031

744

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Because it is able to produce desalinated water directly using solar energy with minimum carbon footprint, solar steam generation and desalination is considered one of the most important technologies to address the increasingly pressing global water scarcity. Despite tremendous progress in the past few years, efficient solar steam generation and desalination can only be achieved for rather limited water quantity with the assistance of concentrators and thermal insulation, not feasible for large-scale applications. The fundamental paradox is that the conventional design of direct absorber−bulk water contact ensures efficient energy transfer and water supply but also has intrinsic thermal loss through bulk water. Here, enabled by a confined 2D water path, we report an efficient (80% under one-sun illumination) and effective (four orders salinity decrement) solar desalination device. More strikingly, because of minimized heat loss, high efficiency of solar desalination is independent of the water quantity and can be maintained without thermal insulation of the container. A foldable graphene oxide film, fabricated by a scalable process, serves as efficient solar absorbers (>94%), vapor channels, and thermal insulators. With unique structure designs fabricated by scalable processes and high and stable efficiency achieved under normal solar illumination independent of water quantity without any supporting systems, our device represents a concrete step for solar desalination to emerge as a complementary portable and personalized clean water solution.graphene oxide | solar steam | 2D water path | solar desalination | heat localization A s water scarcity (1, 2) becomes one of most pressing global challenges of our time, efficient solar desalination could provide a promising solution to produce clean water directly out of solar energy without extra energy input, particularly urgent for developing countries and remote areas without basic infrastructures (3-5). With rapid development in the past few years (6-16), it is clear that there are two key elements to enable efficient solar desalination: broadband and efficient solar absorption and localized heat management for efficient vapor generation with minimized parasitic thermal loss. So far, significant progress has been made on both of these fronts. Absorbers with various rational designs have been demonstrated with efficient solar absorption (11,14,15). Also, from dispersed particles (6, 7, 16), to porous carbon film (8, 9), to thin metallic absorbers (10,11,14,15), there is a clear trend to confine the absorbed energy in a thinner region for localized heating and more-efficient vapor generation, to minimize dissipated heat to the environment and bulk water. Impressive high-energy transfer efficiency has been achieved, but only for a limited amount of solution, with the assistance of both concentrators and thermal insulation.Efficient and effective solar desalination independent of water quantity under normal one-sun illumination without extra supporting systems will fund...

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mentioning

confidence: 78%

Graphene oxide-based efficient and scalable solar desalination under one sun with a confined 2D water path

Tang

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

1,031

744

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“…Obiri- Danso et al (2003) examined the microbiological quality of sachet drinking water and bottled water sold on the streets of Kumasi, Ghana and concluded that bottle water in the Ghanaian market is of good microbiological quality. Adediji et al (2005), for instance, studied the relationship between ground (well) water quality and refuse dumpsites in Zaria, Emmanuel et al (2011) studied the quality of sachet and bottle water in Boltanga municipal of Ghana, Uduma et al (2014) studied the physiochemical quality of sachet water consumed in Kano metropolis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An assessment of sachet water quality in Zaria Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria

Yusuf¹,

Jimoh²,

Onaolapo³

et al. 2015

J. Geogr. Reg. Plann.

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In this study, Physico-chemical analysis of 21 brands of sachet water packaged within Zaria metropolis was evaluated to compare their compliance with World Health Organisation (WHO) and Nigerian Industrial Standard (NIS) threshold limits using standard analytical methods. The parameters evaluated include: colour, taste, odour, pH, chloride, potassium, calcium, electric conductivity, oxygen demand (OD), biological oxygen demand (BOD) and total dissolve solid (TDS) while coliform counts were only determined for sixteen brands using standard methods. The results from the laboratory analysis showed that all samples were tasteless, colourless and odourless; most of the physico-chemical parameters conform with WHO and NIS permissible limits except coliform count in which 100% of the sachet did not conform to the WHO threshold limits. Only 25% of sachet water did not conform to NIS threshold limits. The t-test result reveals that there is no significant difference between the sachet water properties with the WHO and NIS standard. The results of this study indicate that sachet drinking water produced or sold in Zaria is relatively of good quality for human consumption but there is need to improve the biological treatment to perfect its portability.

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“…Geological reports gave rock types as Precambrian basement in the southwest, southeast and north-central. The rocks include gneisses, schists, migmatites, pegmatite, charnockitic and quartz-schist [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Ground Water Quality in Sagamu Town, Ogun State, South West Nigeria

2013

IOSR-JESTFT

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An assessment of the groundwater quality of well and bore holes was carried out in Sagamu Town, Ogun State. Sagamu Local Government Area of Ogun State, a semi-urban settlement, southwest Nigeria and falls under the rain forest agro-ecological zone. The study was aimed at examining the various sources of groundwater, the potential pollutants in the groundwater and the quality of the groundwater as it relates to public health. The study identified two sources of groundwater supply namely, boreholes and wells. Groundwater samples (12) were taken from boreholes and wells and subjected to physical, chemical and biological analysis. The results were compared with WHO standards. The results from the laboratory analysis revealed evidences of pollution from both chemical and biological sources. These were evident from high levels of nitrite (4.46 to 7.08 mg/l), lead (0.004 to 0.026 mg/l), copper (0.011 to 0.098 mg/l), nickel (0.009 to 0.042 mg/l) and iron (0.089 to 3.461), and the presence of bacteria, coliforms and fungi. It was further established that the boreholes and wells were more polluted in areas nearer farms and sanitation units than the areas further away from them. Improper sanitation management and improper education for farmers on farming skills could be the major problem for groundwater quality of the study areas. Also, relevant agencies should make continuous effort to control, regulate and educate the people and those using the water on indiscriminate waste disposal from laundry, domestic and agriculture within the study area.

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Quality of Well Water in Ede Area, Southwestern Nigeria

Cited by 23 publications

References 1 publication

Graphene oxide-based efficient and scalable solar desalination under one sun with a confined 2D water path

Graphene oxide-based efficient and scalable solar desalination under one sun with a confined 2D water path

An assessment of sachet water quality in Zaria Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria

Assessing the Ground Water Quality in Sagamu Town, Ogun State, South West Nigeria

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