“…Second, a number of papers were devoted to cross-layer approaches (Abdullah and Parish 2007), (Canales et al 2006), (Crawley et al 1998), and(deRenesse et al 2007) which encompass multiple protocol layers relying on information exchanges, e.g., from the data link (for the MAC sublayer) and networking (IP routing) layers. Third, based on this review, various categories for MANETs, in addition to routing and cross-layer approaches included architectural models (Chakrabarti and Mishra 2001), (Mayhew 2007), (Sarma and Nandi), (Shenoy et al 2005), and (Stine and de Vecina 2004) and security (Fung et al 2005), (Heimo et al 2005, and (Lu and Pooch 2005). Interestingly, some researchers (Kurkowski et al 2007), (Perkins et al 2002), and (Vadde and Syrotiuk 2004) applied a similar approach by proposing that design factors can influence QoS.…”