Quality of schooling and inequality of opportunity in health

Jones, Andrew M.; Rice, Nigel; Dias, Pedro Rosa

doi:10.1007/s00181-011-0471-2

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Similarly to many other studies that use the NCDS, the sizes of our final estimation samples are significantly affected by attrition ( Case et al, 2005 ; Cutler and Lleras-Muney, 2010 ; Jones et al, 2011 , 2012 ). However, several studies have analysed the implications of non-random attrition and have found that this is not a serious source of bias for models using the NCDS ( Case et al, 2005 ; Lindeboom et al, 2009 ).…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 96%

Going beyond the mean in examining relationships of adolescent non-cognitive skills with health-related quality of life and biomarkers in later-life

Atkins

Turner

Chandola

et al. 2020

Economics & Human Biology

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Highlights We examined the association between adolescent non-cognitive skills and adult health, using both subjective and objective measures of health. Conscientiousness is positively associated with your ability to cope with stress and negatively associated with cardiovascular risk. Agreeableness is positively associated with health-related quality of life and negatively associated with physiological ‘wear and tear’, however is negatively associated with your ability to cope with stress. Neuroticism is negatively associated with health-related quality of life, and positively associated with physiological ‘wear and tear’ and cardiovascular risk. All of these associations are stronger at the end of the health distribution that indicates poorer health, except for the cardiovascular risk biomarkers.

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Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 96%

Going beyond the mean in examining relationships of adolescent non-cognitive skills with health-related quality of life and biomarkers in later-life

Atkins

Turner

Chandola

et al. 2020

Economics & Human Biology

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“…However, these studies lack data for potentially important confounding factors which are likely to select persons into elite institutions (such as early-life socioeconomic position (SEP) 20 and childhood cognition 21 ), and may have conflated the benefits of higher education quality with other societal changes which improved health. A small number of studies, mostly in the economics literature, have examined how school or university characteristics relate to a limited number of adult health-related outcomes 22–24 . These include the investigation of the type of school and the pupil:teacher ratio, 23 and selectivity of universities in the USA 22 , 24 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A small number of studies, mostly in the economics literature, have examined how school or university characteristics relate to a limited number of adult health-related outcomes. 22–24 These include the investigation of the type of school and the pupil:teacher ratio, 23 and selectivity of universities in the USA. 22 , 24 None has examined both school and university type, and important potential confounders such as parental income 23 have in some cases not been accounted for.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does an elite education benefit health? Findings from the 1970 British Cohort Study

Bann¹,

Hamer

Parsons³

et al. 2016

Int. J. Epidemiol.

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Background: Attending private school or a higher-status university is thought to benefit future earnings and occupational opportunities. We examined whether these measures were beneficially related to health and selected health-related behaviours in midlife. Methods: Data were from up to 9799 participants from the 1970 British birth Cohort Study. The high school attended (private, grammar or state) was ascertained at 16 years, and the university attended reported at 42 years [categorised as either higher (Russell Group) or normal-status institutions]. Self-reported health, limiting illness and body mass index (BMI) were reported at 42 years, along with television viewing, take-away meal consumption, physical inactivity, smoking and high risk alcohol drinking. Associations were examined using multiple regression models, adjusted for gender and childhood socioeconomic, health and cognitive measures. Results: Private school and higher status university attendance were associated with favourable self-rated health and lower BMI, and beneficially associated with health-related-behaviours. For example, private school attendance was associated with 0.56 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.48, 0.65] odds of lower self-rated health [odds ratio (OR) for higher-status university: 0.32 (0.27, 0.37)]. Associations were largely attenuated by adjustment for potential confounders, except for those of private schooling and higher-status university attendance with lower BMI and television viewing, and less frequent take-away meal consumption. Conclusions: Private school and higher-status university attendance were related to better self-rated health, lower BMI and multiple favourable health behaviours in midlife. Findings suggest that type or status of education may be an important under-researched construct to consider when documenting and understanding socioeconomic inequalities in health.

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“…However, while studies have demonstrated an association between selective schooling and health, the results have been shown to be subject to confounding. Recent work has attempted to model the association more robustly by controlling for a wide variety of covariates and matching exposed and unexposed individuals [28][29][30]. However, in addition to the potential of residual confounding, these studies evaluated only self-reported health measures derived from participant survey.…”

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confidence: 99%

The long-term health effects of attending a selective school: a natural experiment

Butler

Black

Craig

et al. 2020

BMC Med

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Background: Education is widely associated with better physical and mental health, but isolating its causal effect is difficult because education is linked with many socioeconomic advantages. One way to isolate education's effect is to consider environments where similar students are assigned to different educational experiences based on objective criteria. Here we measure the health effects of assignment to selective schooling based on test score, a widely debated educational policy. Methods: In 1960s Britain, children were assigned to secondary schools via a test taken at age 11. We used regression discontinuity analysis to measure health differences in 5039 people who were separated into selective and non-selective schools this way. We measured selective schooling's effect on six outcomes: mid-life self-reports of health, mental health, and life limitation due to health, as well as chronic disease burden derived from hospital records in mid-life and later life, and the likelihood of dying prematurely. The analysis plan was accepted as a registered report while we were blind to the health outcome data. Results: Effect estimates for selective schooling were as follows: self-reported health, 0.1 worse on a 4-point scale (95%CI − 0.2 to 0); mental health, 0.2 worse on a 16-point scale (− 0.5 to 0.1); likelihood of life limitation due to health, 5 percentage points higher (− 1 to 10); mid-life chronic disease diagnoses, 3 fewer/100 people (− 9 to + 4); late-life chronic disease diagnoses, 9 more/100 people (− 3 to + 20); and risk of dying before age 60, no difference (− 2 to 3 percentage points). Extensive sensitivity analyses gave estimates consistent with these results. In summary, effects ranged from 0.10-0.15 standard deviations worse for self-reported health, and from 0.02 standard deviations better to 0.07 worse for records-derived health. However, they were too imprecise to allow the conclusion that selective schooling was detrimental. Conclusions: We found that people who attended selective secondary school had more advantaged economic backgrounds, higher IQs, higher likelihood of getting a university degree, and better health. However, we did not find that selective schooling itself improved health. This lack of a positive influence of selective secondary schooling on health was consistent despite varying a wide range of model assumptions. Background Education is associated with physical and mental health and life expectancy in countries around the world, and the role of education in improving health is a focus of diverse research and global policy [1-6]. However, there is vigorous debate about the causal effects of educational reforms. Because children from socioeconomically advantaged families are more likely to attend betterresourced schools, be educated longer, and gain more qualificatio ns, the association between education and health may simply reflect background advantages rather than effects of educational policy itself [4, 7-9].

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Quality of schooling and inequality of opportunity in health

Cited by 15 publications

References 33 publications

Going beyond the mean in examining relationships of adolescent non-cognitive skills with health-related quality of life and biomarkers in later-life

Going beyond the mean in examining relationships of adolescent non-cognitive skills with health-related quality of life and biomarkers in later-life

Does an elite education benefit health? Findings from the 1970 British Cohort Study

The long-term health effects of attending a selective school: a natural experiment

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