“…A comprehensive review of the literature of the ICF model indicated demographic variables (e.g., age, gender, education level, income level), impairment-related factors (e.g., treatment type and number of treatments, secondary health conditions, years since diagnosis, perceived stress, pain, fatigue and sleep disturbance), personal factors (e.g., core self-evaluation, resilience, spirituality, religiosity and meaning in life, individualistic versus collectivistic self-construal), and environmental factors (e.g., perceived social stigma, social support, and health care climate) may influence participation of cancer survivors (Bleyer & Barr, 2007; Deimling, Bowman, & Wagner, 2007; Goker, Guvenal, Yanikkerem, Turhan, & Koyuncu, 2011; Hewitt, Rowland, & Yancik, 2003; Kreitler, Peleg, & Ehrenfeld, 2007; Livneh, Chan, & Kaya, 2014; Nazik, Nazik, Ozdemir, & Soydan, 2014; Ness et al, 2006; Roscoe et al, 2007; Smith, Nolan, Robison, Hudson, & Ness, 2011; Toptas et al, 2014) For example, age has been associated with decreased functioning and increased participation restrictions for cancer survivors (Deimling et al, 2007). In addition, gender was significantly associated with participation restrictions, with females having greater participation restrictions (Deimling et al, 2007; Ness et al, 2006).…”