Accelerated postoperative rehabilitation and reduction of hospitalization periods and faster recovery are modern principles of surgical treatment that are widely implemented in practical healthcare. This approach is especially relevant in obstetrics and gynecology, where the share of abdominal delivery reaches up to 80% in some countries of the world. The advantages of accelerated rehabilitation protocols to reduce the number of days of hospital stay, reduce postoperative pain, and need for analgesia, rapid recovery of bowel function, fewer complications, increased patient satisfaction. This approach has direct economic benefits for health care institutions and is carried out in the interests of the child. The article is a review of the available literature on accelerated rehabilitation and recovery of patients in the world practice, as well as the experience of implementation in some healthcare institutions of the Russian Federation.