“…An increasing number of studies have recently investigated how emotional/behavioral problems in children are associated with chronic disorders such as migraines; however, knowledge of the relationship between these problems and parental stress is still limited [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. In general, parents of children with chronic medical, neurological or psychiatric conditions show elevations of perceived stress levels and a reduction of parental quality [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ], and specifically, children with headaches seem to be at a high risk for psychological maladjustment, including internalizing disorders [ 23 , 24 ]. Within this perspective, the literature has reported how managing a problematic child can become a significant source of stress for parents, especially for the mother as the primary caregiver [ 21 , 25 ].…”