Quality of Life and Health Status of Adults With Congenital Heart Disease in Vietnam: A Cross-sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Little is known about the quality of life (QOL) and health status of adults with congenital heart disease (CHD) in developing countries. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the QOL and health status of adults with CHD and investigate the association between QOL and biological and social characteristics of these patients in Vietnam.Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed among 109 adults with CHD, hospitalised in the Vietnam National Heart Institute, between June 2019 and December 2019. Validated instruments to assess QOL and health status describing patient-reported outcomes were used, including the EuroQOL-5 Dimensions-5 Level, Satisfaction with Life Scale and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. The data of QOL and health status were analysed using univariable and multivariable logistic regressions.Results: The overall mean scores on the EuroQOL-descriptive system (EQ-DS) and the EuroQOL visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS) were 79.2 (SD = 12.2, 95% confidence interval, CI: 76.9–81.5) and 66.3 (SD = 12.5, 95% CI: 63.9–68.7), respectively. Symptoms of anxiety and depression were common among adults with CHD (18.7%, n = 20 and 11%, n = 12; respectively). Stratified multivariate logistic regression revealed: poor QOL using the EQ-DS, and that anxiety related to suffering from a complex CHD or pulmonary artery hypertension (OR = 4.55; 95% CI: 1.26–16.4; p = 0.021 and OR = 4.19, 95% CI: 1.2–14.56; p = 0.024; respectively); poor QOL using the EQ-VAS and that anxiety and depression related to being unemployed or having an unstable employment (OR = 4.16, 95% CI: 1.64–10.56, p = 0.003; OR = 3.63, 95% CI: 1.23–10.72, p = 0.02 and OR = 7.68, 95% CI: 2.09–28.25, p = 0.002; respectively); and life dissatisfaction related to being unmarried (OR = 4.63; 95% CI: 1.2–17.86; p = 0.026).Conclusions: Adults with CHD in Vietnam experienced low QOL, and high levels of anxiety and depression. Poor QOL and psychological problems were related to being female, being unmarried, having low educational level, being unemployed or unstably employed, and having complex CHD or pulmonary artery hypertension.