Quality of chloroquine preparations marketed in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Abdi, YakoubAden; Rimoy, G.; Ericsson, Örjan; Alm, Christina; Massele, A.Y.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(95)91834-5

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Based on the worldwide prevalence of malaria (206), antimalarial drugs are commonly targeted by counterfeiters. Studies have shown that substandard/counterfeit antimalarials have widely been reported in Africa (2,7,174,175) and Southeast Asia (9,48,94). Up to 90% of antimalarial drugs were found to be of low quality in a WHO study in Africa (207).…”

Section: Antiparasitic Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the plasma concentration of the low-quality antibiotic may be substandard, especially in undernourished subjects (125), and this combination with poor dissolution may lead to reduced bioavailability of the substandard antibiotic and treatment failure. For example, treatment failure and mortality have been reported in patients with malaria who received substandard chloroquine (174).…”

Section: Consequences For Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Substandard/Counterfeit Antimicrobial Drugs

2015

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SUMMARY Substandard/counterfeit antimicrobial drugs are a growing global problem. The most common substandard/counterfeit antimicrobials include beta-lactams (among antibiotics) and chloroquine and artemisin derivatives (among antimalarials). The most common type of substandard/counterfeit antimicrobial drugs have a reduced amount of the active drug, and the majority of them are manufactured in Southeast Asia and Africa. Counterfeit antimicrobial drugs may cause increased mortality and morbidity and pose a danger to patients. Here we review the literature with regard to the issue of substandard/counterfeit antimicrobials and describe the prevalence of this problem, the different types of substandard/counterfeit antimicrobial drugs, and the consequences for the individuals and global public health. Local, national, and international initiatives are required to combat this very important public health issue.

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Section: Antiparasitic Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Consequences For Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Substandard/Counterfeit Antimicrobial Drugs

2015

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“…This search strategy yielded 95 references; 11 of these were primary investigations of antimalarial drug quality in Africa and were therefore deemed relevant (16,24,(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37); the rest of the articles contained some of the MeSH terms used in the search, but were mostly on other areas of malaria therapeutics or did not involve primary work on antimalarial drug quality in the continent. Cross-referencing of the 11 key articles yielded a further 11 Africa-specific references (38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45)(46)(47)(48). In addition, we contacted colleagues at the World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva and also at WHO's Regional Office for Africa (AFRO) for any grey literature on antimalarial drug quality in the continent.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimalarial drug quality in Africa

Amin

Kokwaro

2007

Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics

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“…For example, in a country that is not named in the report, tablets that underwent testing contained only 1.8%± 13.2% of the total chloroquine phosphate of`real' tablets. Abdi et al (1995) point out that this may be one reason for treatment failures usually ascribed to drug resistance. The problem of sub-standard drugs has been identi® ed in the treatment of many diseases.…”

Section: Risk and Benefits Of The Drug Regimensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malaria-treatment policies: when and how should they be changed?

Fèvre

Barnish

1999

Annals of Tropical Medicine And Parasitology

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There appears to be a large a gap in the literature between primary work on malaria control and policy on the one hand and the interpretation of such work in making real policy decisions on the other. The focus of the present review is policy formulation for treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria, rather than prophylaxis in travellers or the treatment of severe disease. The World Health Organization has formulated guidelines addressing the issue of changing from one recommended drug for treating malaria to another, but there does not appear to have been a comprehensive attempt to describe how and when such a decision on drug policy should be made. Issues of drug availability, both to countries and to communities within them, are discussed, as well as the acceptability of drug regimens and compliance with them. It emerges that the cost of treatment has a disproportionate influence on the decision-making process, and that the indirect costs of drug failure are often not considered properly. Brief mention is made of the indicators of overall disease burden. There is some discussion about the usefulness of one recently introduced economic indicator: the disability-adjusted life-year (DALY). Also examined are the difficulties that arise within the context of drug-policy changes, such as a regimen's appropriateness to all target groups, and the strong influence of the private sector on decision-making that affects its own financing. The consensus seems to be that a policy change is urgent when high-level resistance occurs in 40% or more of treated cases, when parasitological response is poor, and when the costs of treatment failures are higher than those of treatments with a newer drug. It also emerges that much remains to be done regarding co-operation between public and private sectors; considering the importance of private-sector provision of health care, this needs to be addressed.

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Quality of chloroquine preparations marketed in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Substandard/Counterfeit Antimicrobial Drugs

Substandard/Counterfeit Antimicrobial Drugs

Antimalarial drug quality in Africa

Malaria-treatment policies: when and how should they be changed?

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