Quality Evaluation of Micro Drilled Hole Using Pulsed Nd:YAG Laser: a Case Study on AISI 316

Chatterjee, Suman; Mahapatra, Siba Sankar; Bharadwaj, Vijay; Choubey, Ambar; Upadhyay, B. N.; Bindra, K. S.

doi:10.1007/s40516-018-0067-1

Cited by 25 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Higher the laser energy, higher will be the heat input resulting in high quantity of material to be removed. 13,14 In the present investigation, laser machine uses equations (1) and (2) for calculation of energy, where E in is laser input energy, k 0 is constant of the flash lamp value (the value is fixed at 18), I is laser current input, t p is pulse duration and E out is laser output energy. 47,48 From equation (1), it is observed that laser energy is a function of current and pulse duration.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11,12 To overcome such type of problems, the use of laser may be a suitable alternative for drilling of Ti6Al4V alloy. 13,14 The laser machining is the non-contact machining operation in which tool wear and vibration can be avoided but accuracy is maintained. 15–17 The standard lasers used for the laser machining process are ruby, Nd:YAG (Neodymium Yttrium Aluminium Garnet) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) gas laser.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In laser drilling process, a high-energy infrared laser beam is focused on a spot of the workpiece (generally varies between 0.1 and 2.0 mm in diameter) and causes melting, vaporization and chemical degradation throughout the depth of the material. 13,14,20 An assistant gas is used to flush the molten material from the surrounding near the drilled hole. Ng and Li 28 have investigated the effect of laser process parameters such as pulse width and laser peak power on material ejection and quality of hole in terms of circularity during in laser percussion drilling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Drilling of micro-holes on titanium alloy using pulsed Nd:YAG laser: Parametric appraisal and prediction of performance characteristics

Chatterjee

Mahapatra

Bharadwaj

et al. 2018

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B:

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Laser drilling is a preferable method in drilling micro and slender holes because of its non-physical contact between the tool and the workpiece leading to elimination of the problems like chatter and vibration. In this article, an experimental investigation of the laser drilling process is carried out on thin sheet (0.5 mm) of titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) using pulsed Nd:YAG laser. The study investigates the effect of laser parameters such as laser energy, pulse repetition rate, pulse width and gas pressure on hole quality characteristics, namely, circularity at entry and exit, taper and spatter area. Taguchi’s L27 orthogonal array is adopted for conducting the experiments to establish significance of control parameters on the performance measures with less number of experimental run. Analysis of variance shows that laser energy and pulse width significantly influence on circularity, taper and spatter area. Optimal parameter setting for all the performance measures is suggested. Statistically valid empirical models relating hole quality characteristics with laser parameters have been developed based on least square regression analysis. Backpropagation artificial neural network is used predict the output responses considering laser process parameters as inputs. A mean square error within 5% for both the training and testing data suggests the adequacy and robustness of the proposed artificial neural network model. Variation of performance measures with respect to process parameters is predicted through the well-trained artificial neural network model. The pattern of variation exhibits good agreement with the main effect plots obtained through Taguchi method. Artificial neural network model produces mean relative error of 0.001, 0.001, 0.0437 and 0.0234 for circularity at entry, circularity at exit, taper and spatter area, respectively, when compared with experimental values. Since small values of mean relative error are obtained, the proposed artificial neural network model can be satisfactorily used for prediction of quality characteristics of laser micro-drilled holes.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Drilling of micro-holes on titanium alloy using pulsed Nd:YAG laser: Parametric appraisal and prediction of performance characteristics

Chatterjee

Mahapatra

Bharadwaj

et al. 2018

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B:

Self Cite

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“…This deposition occurs because the laser beam's power prevents a certain amount of material that should have been removed from being expelled, leading to its accumulation at the wall surface. When material removal rate increases, adequate flushing may not take place resulting in increase in spatter area (Chatterjee et al, 2018). It was discovered that, at focus point distance, where the diameter of the laser becomes smallest, the photon can produce enough laser energy to melt the metal in short time (Arsyad et al, 2022).…”

Section: Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Laser Process Loops on the Hole Diameter and Hole Formation of Laser Micro Drilling on TC4

Adzman,

Halil,

Muhammad

et al. 2024

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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Laser micro drilling stands as a precise manufacturing method that employs a focused laser beam to craft accurate, small holes within a diverse array of materials. Its applications span across vital industries like aerospace, medical, and electronics, playing a pivotal role in creating components like fuel injectors, medical implants, and microelectronics. Within this context, a notable challenge emerges in obtaining a refined surface finish during laser micro drilling. This study delves into the impact of a laser loop, a crucial parameter, on the surface quality of TC4, also known as Ti6Al4V—an aerospace staple. Employing a Conventional Fiber Laser with a peak output of 30 W, the experiment meticulously directs the laser beam onto the TC4 surface via a microscope objective lens. The drilling process unfolds in controlled conditions, mitigating external variables such as temperature and humidity. Assessment of drilled hole surfaces transpires through both light and 3D microscopes. Interestingly, holes subjected to higher laser power and increased laser loop rates demonstrate enhanced surface smoothness. In essence, this inquiry demonstrates the substantial influence of laser loop on TC4’s surface finish during laser micro drilling. Elevating the laser loop factor leads to heightened surface refinement and diminished roughness in drilled holes. It was found that the diameter entry of the micro-holes was increased by 61% - 89.35% and the diameter exit of the micro-holes also increased by 55.55% - 62.79%. The outcomes of this investigation offer valuable insights for refining the laser micro drilling process to achieve premium surface quality on TC4 and comparable materials. As such, these findings extend guidance for optimal laser loop settings in the realm of laser micro drilling across various materials, benefiting future manufacturing endeavors.

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“…Multiple independent variables can be examined through the RSM method which consists of a statistical and mathematical modelling of the relationship between the inputs and outputs [27]. Suman et al [28] used the central the composite design RSM for studying the mechanical and metallurgical behaviour of weld joints and a design of experiment approach also for determining the parameters for microhole drilling [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and empirical model analysis of microsurface texturing on 316 L press-fit joints fabricated by selective laser melting

Sohrabpoor

Mousavian

O'Halloran

et al. 2020

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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In this study, selective laser melting (SLM) was investigated for the manufacturing of 316L stainless steel press-fit joints. The accuracy of selective laser melting technique in fabrication of texture profile in shape, pitch and height of microsurface texturing was examined. The resulting insertion and removal forces achieved from the produced textured pins for cold-formed high-end fixation applications were studied. The experimental results showed that the shape, pitch and height of the texture, as well as the resultant bonding strength of the joints, can be effectively set via control of the SLM processing parameters. While trapezoidal and triangular shapes of the texture lead to stronger bonding compared with oval-shaped texture profiles, the texture height was found to have a predominant effect on bond strength. To a much lower extent, larger pitch distances also resulted in higher bond strengths. A combination of abrasive and adhesive wear mechanisms was detected via examination of the inner surface of the hub into which the press fit was inserted. Along with a process map of design of the microsurface texture geometry of metal interference fit joints, this paper also presents the underlying mechanics for their bonding. The SLM process is shown to present a useful onestep method for the manufacturing of knurl metallic interference fit pins of customisable and definable texture and ensuing bond strength.

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Quality Evaluation of Micro Drilled Hole Using Pulsed Nd:YAG Laser: a Case Study on AISI 316

Cited by 25 publications

References 27 publications

Drilling of micro-holes on titanium alloy using pulsed Nd:YAG laser: Parametric appraisal and prediction of performance characteristics

Drilling of micro-holes on titanium alloy using pulsed Nd:YAG laser: Parametric appraisal and prediction of performance characteristics

Effect of Laser Process Loops on the Hole Diameter and Hole Formation of Laser Micro Drilling on TC4

Experimental and empirical model analysis of microsurface texturing on 316 L press-fit joints fabricated by selective laser melting

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