Quality evaluation of little millet (Panicum miliare) incorporated functional bread

Abstract

The study was undertaken with the objective of formulating a fiber enriched functional bread by incorporating little millet flour (LMF). Wheat flour (WF) was replaced with LMF at various proportions (10, 30 and 50%) in the bread preparation. The developed breads were evaluated for physical, sensory and nutritional characteristics. The loaf volume, weight, height and specific volume were decreased significantly with increased levels of LMF. The wheat bread (control), 10 and 30 % percent incorporation of LMF did not show significance difference in the sensory scores. Control and bread with 30 % incorporation of LMF were evaluated further for nutritional characteristics. There was an increase in the percentage of micronutrients such as Iron (94%), Zinc (29%), Copper (70%), Phosphorus (28%) and also fiber (19%) which improved the nutritional value of the wheat bread when substituted with LMF. The incorporation of LMF at 30% level in bread can be considered as a functional and nutritional food choice for the management of diet related metabolic disorders.

The physiochemical properties and shelf‐life of orange‐fleshed sweet potato puree composite bread

“…Color determination was carried out on breadcrumb and crust using Lovibond ® LC 100/SV 100 handheld spectrocolorimeter (England), and results were expressed in accordance with the Hunter Lab color CIE L * a * b space. The parameters determined were L * (light/dark) a * (=red/green), b * (blue/yellow), and C * (bright/dullness) (Mannuramath, Yenagi, & Orsat, ). The standard used in this study was the bread color during baseline analysis.…”

“…Bread volume was determined by displacement method using bird millet as previously described (AACC, 2001). Specific volume was calculated as volume to weight ratio (cm 3 /g) (Mannuramath et al, 2015).…”

Striga

“…As a result, farmers have been reported to be eventually forced to abandon highly Striga-infested fields (Atera et al, 2011). For these poor farmers, millets are the major staple food providing them with carbohydrates and is the main source of vitamins and minerals including zinc and iron, (Andrews and Kumar, 1992;Rai et al, 2012;Bangoura et al, 2011;Mannuramath et al, 2015;Mishra et al, 2014). Hence, yield losses lead to significant negative socioeconomic problems: Striga affects the life of more than 300 million people in Africa and causes economic damage equivalent or even more than US$10 billion annually (Obilana and Ramaiah, 1992;Gurney et al, 2002;Rodenburg et al, 2005;Ejeta, 2007;Scholes and Press, 2008;Westwood et al, 2012).…”

“…Efforts to identify sources of resistance in cultivated pearl millet have followed and yielded in the identification of six resistant landraces (M141, M239, M029, M197, M017 and KBH), which show less sensitivity to the parasite and relatively higher yielding compared to susceptible controls (Kountche et al, 2013a). Surprisingly, despite their importance as a source of nutrient-rich food grain for household farmers and the serious damage caused by Striga (Austin, 2006;Dida and Devos, 2006;Gigou et al, 2009;Bangoura et al, 2011;Rao et al, 2011;Mishra et al, 2014;Mannuramath et al, 2015;Muthamilarasan and Prasad, 2015), there are no similar examples of sources of resistance to Striga in small millets. However, because of their potential as smart crops meaning that they can provide alternative solution in the context of climate change, the small millets are now gradually being re-discovered and considered by scientists for various needs.…”

A Critical Analysis of Farmers Field School on Nutrient Management, Processing and Value Addition in Little Millet in Tumakuru District of Karnataka, India

“…As little millet grains are hard seed coat grains, their processing starts with the task of removal of husk [7]. The ethnic millet papads, chakali, paddu, laddu; and millet based novel foods like biscuits, breads, flakes proved to have a good scope for enhancing nutrition security, marketing and income generation [8,9]. Minor millets are neglected crops which seeks least attention by the farmers in its production practices such as improved variety, nutrient, pest and disease management.…”