Quality Evaluation of Dietary Supplements for Weight Loss Based on Garcinia cambogia

Mena‐García, Adal; Bellaizac-Riascos, Angie Julieth; Rada‐Mendoza, Maite; Chito-Trujillo, Diana María; Ruiz‐Matute, Ana I.; Sanz, M. Luz

doi:10.3390/nu14153077

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…These compounds, identified in both DS and SE samples, are commonly found as natural components in plants [29,36,37]. In particular, myo-inositol has been previously described as a genuineness marker of the natural origin for other plant food supplements [6,38]. Also, gentiobiose (peak 16), a disaccharide present as one of the main glycoside moieties in crocin structure [39,40], was identified in both DS and SE.…”

Section: Qualitative Analysismentioning

confidence: 87%

“…In the case of supplement SFS 4, which was also composed of a mixture of different plant extracts, bioactive compounds of saffron were correctly identified and quantified by the developed methods (Tables 3-5), such as isophorone and its derivates (between 4.6 and 12.2 µg g −1 of SFS), HTCC (34 µg g −1 of SFS), picrocrocin (3.4 mg g −1 of SFS), and crocins (from traces to 2.9 mg g −1 of SFS). Moreover, bioactive compounds characteristic of the other declared plant sources were also identified by the developed methodologies, such as hydroxycitric acid for Garcinia cambogia [38,51] and caffeine and chlorogenic acids for green coffee [52].…”

Section: Food Supplement Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Combined Gas and Liquid Chromatographic Approach for Quality Evaluation of Saffron-Based Food Supplements

Mena-García,

Sanz,

Díez-Municio

et al. 2023

Foods

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Considering the interest in the bioactive properties of saffron (Crocus sativus L.), as well as its limited production and high price, saffron-based food supplements (SFS) are highly susceptible to adulteration. However, their complex composition and the wide variety of potential fraudulent practices make the comprehensive assessment of SFS quality a challenging task that has been scarcely addressed. To that aim, a new multianalytical strategy based on gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography with diode array detection coupled to mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-MS) was developed and validated in order to detect different frauds affecting SFS. Dried saffron stigmas and a commercial standardized saffron extract (affron®) were selected as reference samples (RS) to obtain an authenticity profile, which was further used to evaluate the quality of 17 SFS. Up to 17 crocins and crocetins, 5 kaempferol glycosides, picrocrocin (determined for the first time by GC-MS), safranal, furanone and isophorone-related compounds were determined in RS. Safranal and crocins were identified in all SFS except for one sample. However, discrepancies with the content declared were detected in 65% of the cases. Moreover, this multianalytical methodology also allowed identifying undeclared additives and the non-declared addition of vegetable sources other than saffron.

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Section: Qualitative Analysismentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Food Supplement Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

A Combined Gas and Liquid Chromatographic Approach for Quality Evaluation of Saffron-Based Food Supplements

Mena-García,

Sanz,

Díez-Municio

et al. 2023

Foods

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“…[50][51][52] Garcinia cambogia was commonly used for weight loss (70%), as it has been touted that hydroxycitric acid promotes weight loss. 53 Black cohosh was used for hot flashes, and ashwagandha was used as muscle builder.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimated Exposure to 6 Potentially Hepatotoxic Botanicals in US Adults

Likhitsup,

Chen,

Fontana

2024

JAMA Netw Open

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ImportanceUse of herbal and dietary supplements (HDSs) accounts for an increasing proportion of drug hepatotoxicity cases. Turmeric or curcumin, green tea extract, Garcinia cambogia, black cohosh, red yeast rice, and ashwagandha are the most frequently reported hepatoxic botanicals, but their prevalence and reasons for use in the general population are unknown.ObjectiveTo assess the prevalence and clinical characteristics of adult consumers of 6 potentially hepatoxic botanicals.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis survey study analyzed nationally representative data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a nationally representative, cross-sectional survey of the general US population. Prescription drug and HDS exposure data in the past 30 days were analyzed, and 2020 US Census data were used for population estimates. Data were analyzed July 1, 2023, to February 1, 2024.ExposuresAdult NHANES participants enrolled between January 2017 and March 2020.Main Outcomes and MeasuresBaseline weighted characteristics of HDS users and users of 6 potentially hepatotoxic botanical products were compared with non–HDS users. Multivariable analysis was undertaken to identify factors associated with HDS use or at-risk botanical use.ResultsAmong 9685 adults enrolled in this NHANES cohort, the mean (SE) age was 47.5 (0.5) years, and 51.8% (95% CI, 50.2%-53.4%) were female. The overall prevalence of HDS product use was 57.6% (95% CI, 55.9%-59.4%), while the prevalence of using the 6 botanicals of interest was 4.7% (95% CI, 3.9%-5.7%). Turmeric-containing botanicals were most commonly used (n = 236), followed by products containing green tea (n = 92), ashwagandha (n = 28), Garcinia cambogia (n = 20), red yeast rice (n = 20), and black cohosh (n = 19). Consumers of these 6 botanicals were significantly older (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 2.36 [95% CI, 1.06-5.25]; P = .04 for 40-59 years of age and AOR, 3.96 [95% CI, 1.93-8.11]; P = .001 for ≥60 years of age), had a higher educational level (AOR, 4.78 [95% CI, 2.62-8.75]; P &lt; .001), and were more likely to have arthritis (AOR, 2.27 [95% CI, 1.62-3.29]; P &lt; .001) compared with non–HDS users. An estimated 15 584 599 (95% CI, 13 047 571-18 648 801) US adults used at least 1 of the 6 botanical products within the past 30 days, which was similar to the estimated number of patients prescribed potentially hepatotoxic drugs, including simvastatin (14 036 024 [95% CI, 11 202 460-17 594 452]) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (14 793 837 [95% CI, 13 014 623-16 671 897]). The most common reason for consuming turmeric and green tea was to improve or maintain health.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this survey study, an estimated 15.6 million US adults consumed at least 1 botanical product with liver liability within the past 30 days, comparable with the number of people who consumed nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and a commonly prescribed hypolipidemic drug. Given a lack of regulatory oversight on the manufacturing and testing of botanical products, clinicians should be aware of possible adverse events from consumption of these largely unregulated products.

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Start codon targeted (SCoT) variability analysis and its association with hydroxy citric acid (HCA) in Garcinia gummi-gutta (L.) Roxb.

et al. 2023

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Quality Evaluation of Dietary Supplements for Weight Loss Based on Garcinia cambogia

Cited by 6 publications

References 39 publications

A Combined Gas and Liquid Chromatographic Approach for Quality Evaluation of Saffron-Based Food Supplements

A Combined Gas and Liquid Chromatographic Approach for Quality Evaluation of Saffron-Based Food Supplements

Estimated Exposure to 6 Potentially Hepatotoxic Botanicals in US Adults

Start codon targeted (SCoT) variability analysis and its association with hydroxy citric acid (HCA) in Garcinia gummi-gutta (L.) Roxb.

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