“…These calibration tools are intended to facilitate the assessment of instrument performance to ensure reliable measurements and to improve the comparability of FCM experiments [ 16 – 20 , 22 ] ( https://www.thermofisher.com/de/de/home/references/newsletters-and-journals/bioprobes-journal-of-cell-biology-applications/bioprobes-70/fluorescent-microspheres-for-calibration.html ), ( https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/content/dam/sigma-aldrich/docs/Sigma/Datasheet/10/75194dat.pdf ). Also for fluorescence microscopy, in addition to a very small number of relatively expensive structured calibration tools like the slide from Argolight [ 21 , 22 ], different calibration beads have been commercialized to determine parameters like resolution x / y / z , intensity calibration, color adjustment, instrument alignment, and stability [ 20 , 23 , 24 ] ( https://www.thermofisher.com/de/de/home/references/newsletters-and-journals/bioprobes-journal-of-cell-biology-applications/bioprobes-70/fluorescent-microspheres-for-calibration.html ). However, these broadly used beads have been neither designed nor yet used to determine the spectral characteristics of fluorescence measuring devices, like spectral scanning fluorescence microscopes, spectral FCM setups, microtiter plate readers, and all types of integral measuring devices, although for fluorescence microscopic techniques and even FCM, new trends in instrument design focus increasingly on spectrally resolved measurements [ 25 , 26 ].…”