Oviposition time plays a vital physiological role in determining eggshell quality because the amount of deposited shell is a linear function of the time spent in the shell gland after plumping, and therefore thickness. In a cage housing system, numerous studies indicated that eggs laid early in the morning were heavier than eggs laid during the later periods of the day (Choi et al., 1981;Arafa et al., 1982;Lee and Choi, 1985;Novo et al., 1997;Patterson, 1997). Moreover, most of investigators revealed that eggs had better shell quality characteristics if laid in the afternoon than in the morning (Roland and Harms, 1974;Arafa et al., 1982;Lee and Choi, 1985;Oguike, 1995;Pavlovski et al., 2000a). On the other hand, Ayorinde and Olagbuyiro (1991) revealed that egg weight was not significantly affected by different times of lay. Furthermore, Aksoy et al. (2001) indicated that shell weight was not affected by the collection time.In recent years in Europe there has been a significant trend to develop and use the litter housing system rather than standard cages. Much of the trend seen today presents an attempt to go back to the natural way of doing things (non-cage) and is driven by local demand and higher prices received for eggs produced in this manner. Results of a number of studies revealed that the proportion of dirty eggs was significantly higher in the aviaries than in the cage system and that the higher proportion of dirty eggs depended on the proportion of floor eggs (Tauson, 1995;Abrahamsson and Tauson, 1995; Abrahamsoon and Tauson, 1998). Moreover, Mohan et al. (1991) elucidated that egg weight and shell thickness were higher in birds housed in cages Effect of time of oviposition on egg quality characteristics in cages and in a litter housing system E. TŮMOVÁ, T. EBEID Department of Animal Husbandry, Czech University of Agriculture, Prague, Czech Republic ABSTRACT: Two experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of the time of oviposition on egg quality characteristics in two different housing systems (cages vs. litter). ISA brown hens from 20 to 64 weeks of age were housed in battery cages (550 cm 2 /hen, 19 526 laying hens in the house) and on deep litter (7 hen/m 2 , 4 652 laying hens in the house). In both houses, eggs were collected daily at three oviposition times 06:00, 10:00 and 14:00 h. Every four weeks, 90 eggs for each house (30 eggs for each oviposition time) were used for egg quality assessment.The results indicated that in cages the highest percentages (P ≤ 0.001) of normal (74.47%), non-standard (0.85%) and cracked (1.80%) eggs were laid in the early morning (06:00 h). On deep litter, however, the highest percentages (P ≤ 0.05) of normal sound eggs were produced at 10:00 h (35.43%) and at 14:00 h (33.03%). In the cage system, the heaviest eggs (63.01 g) were laid in the early morning (06:00 h) and the highest shell percentage (10.33%) was in eggs laid in the afternoon and also at 10:00 h (10.31%). On the other hand, in the litter housing system, the time of oviposition had no sign...