Quality assurance (QA) in international forest monitoring programmes: activity, problems and perspectives from East Asia and Europe

Ferretti, Marco; König, Nils; Rautio, Pasi; Sase, Hiroyuki

doi:10.1051/forest/2009025

Cited by 23 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Many improvements have also been made in the treatment of aerosols and the chemical mechanism (Simpson et al, 2017;Stadtler et al, 2018), the deposition scheme and boundary layer physics (see Supplementary Table S1 of Simpson et al, 2012, Table 8.2 of Simpson et al, 2017. In ICP Forests QA/QC procedures were introduced, using internal quality controls based on ion balance and conductivity checks and external quality controls, with mandatory ring tests for the laboratories at least every 2 years (Ferretti et al, 2009;König et al, 2013). Furthermore, Zlindra et al (2011) assessed the comparability of the deposition samplers used in different countries between each other and versus a standardized collector shaped following the rules used for meteorological gauges.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Good Agreement Between Modeled and Measured Sulfur and Nitrogen Deposition in Europe, in Spite of Marked Differences in Some Sites

Marchetto

Simpson

Aas

et al. 2021

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Atmospheric nitrogen and sulfur deposition is an important effect of atmospheric pollution and may affect forest ecosystems positively, for example enhancing tree growth, or negatively, for example causing acidification, eutrophication, cation depletion in soil or nutritional imbalances in trees. To assess and design measures to reduce the negative impacts of deposition, a good estimate of the deposition amount is needed, either by direct measurement or by modeling. In order to evaluate the precision of both approaches and to identify possible improvements, we compared the deposition estimates obtained using an Eulerian model with the measurements performed by two large independent networks covering most of Europe. The results are in good agreement (bias <25%) for sulfate and nitrate open field deposition, while larger differences are more evident for ammonium deposition, likely due to the greater influence of local ammonia sources. Modeled sulfur total deposition compares well with throughfall deposition measured in forest plots, while the estimate of nitrogen deposition is affected by the tree canopy. The geographical distribution of pollutant deposition and of outlier sites where model and measurements show larger differences are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Good Agreement Between Modeled and Measured Sulfur and Nitrogen Deposition in Europe, in Spite of Marked Differences in Some Sites

Marchetto

Simpson

Aas

et al. 2021

Front. Environ. Sci.

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“…Thus, deadwood measurements are included in the national forest inventories of many countries (Kö hl et al 2000;Ferretti et al 2009;McRoberts et al 2009;Fahey et al 2010). These data are also valid for the forest sector in Japan (Takahashi et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wood density and carbon and nitrogen concentrations in deadwood ofChamaecyparis obtusaandCryptomeria japonica

Sakai

Ugawa

Ishizuka

et al. 2012

Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

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Estimating carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) stocks in deadwood in forests nationwide is required for understanding large-scale C and N cycling. To do so requires estimated values of wood density and C and N concentrations. Additionally, parameters that show variation should be examined. In this study, we clarified the estimated values and the variation in three parameters in each decay class of each of two tree species and examined whether dead log diameter and region contribute to variation in the parameters. Data were collected from 73 Chamaecyparis obtusa (Sieb. et Zucc.) Endl. plantations and 66 Cryptomeria japonica D. Don plantations throughout Japan. Wood densities decreased from 386 to 188 kg m À3 for C. obtusa and from 334 to 188 kg m À3 for C. japonica in decay classes 1-4. The variation in wood density increased with decay class, and the coefficient of variance increased from 13.9% to 46.4% for C. obtusa and from 15.2% to 48.1% for C. japonica. The N concentrations increased from 1.04 to 4.40 g kg À1 for C. obtusa and from 1.11 to 2.97 g kg À1for C. japonica in decay classes 1-4. The variation in N concentration increased with decay class, and the coefficient of variance increased from 51.9% to 76.7% for C. obtusa and from 50.3% to 70.4% for C. japonica. Log diameter and region contributed to variations in wood density and N concentration in decay classes 1 and 2 for C. obtusa and C. japonica. However, no relationship was observed between regional climates and the two parameters. In contrast, C concentrations ranged from 507 to 535 g kg À1 and were stable with much lower coefficients of variance throughout the decay classes for both tree species. Thus, we recommend that the same C concentration can be adapted for all decay classes of both tree species.

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“…The statements made for forest monitoring by Ferretti et al (2009)-that much less attention was given to field sampling and to the overall monitoring design, so that parts of the monitoring process are still poorly covered by QA-can be extended to wide fields of environmental monitoring. And since overall QA is limited by the weakest link in the measurement chain, QA in environmental monitoring is generally still poor, especially concerning bias.…”

Section: Methods: Fundamentals For Identifying and Controlling Measurmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement instability and temporal bias in chemical soil monitoring: sources and control measures

Desaules

2011

Environ Monit Assess

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Concern that human impacts on the environment may be harmful to natural resources such as soils as well as to living conditions is the major motivation for long-term environmental monitoring. However, the evidence that measurement bias is not constant through time affects time series as an artifact; this also holds true for chemical soil monitoring. Measurement instabilities occur along the whole measurement chain, from soil sampling to the expression of results. The first step in controlling measurement instability is to identify its relevant sources, and the second is to control it by stabilizing, minimizing, or quantifying measurement instability. For all five steps in the measurement process, from soil sampling to the expression of the analytical results, sources of measurement instability are identified and measures of control discussed, leading to the main conclusion concerning the requirement to continuously control the relevant environmental and measurement boundary conditions that may affect measurement instability. The innovative aspect of this paper consists in explicitly addressing measurement instability in chemical soil monitoring and tracking it along the whole measurement chain. The paper is also a plea for a change of paradigm in long-term environmental monitoring, namely to consider temporal measurements as unstable unless their degree of stability is traceably demonstrated, adequately quantified, and included in interpretation.

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Quality assurance (QA) in international forest monitoring programmes: activity, problems and perspectives from East Asia and Europe

Cited by 23 publications

References 29 publications

Good Agreement Between Modeled and Measured Sulfur and Nitrogen Deposition in Europe, in Spite of Marked Differences in Some Sites

Good Agreement Between Modeled and Measured Sulfur and Nitrogen Deposition in Europe, in Spite of Marked Differences in Some Sites

Wood density and carbon and nitrogen concentrations in deadwood ofChamaecyparis obtusaandCryptomeria japonica

Measurement instability and temporal bias in chemical soil monitoring: sources and control measures

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