Quality Assessment Programs for Dietary Supplements

Larimore, Walter L.; O’Mathúna, Dónal P

doi:10.1345/aph.1d031

Cited by 21 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…There was no independent chemical analysis to verify the stated nutrient dose, and losses during storage of labile nutrients may have occurred. Thus the nutrient content of supplements may have varied considerably from the stated dose (Larimore and Mathuna, 2003). In addition, bioavailability of supplement nutrients may have differed to nutrients from food.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association of maternal diet and dietary supplement intake in pregnant New Zealand women with infant birthweight

Watson

McDonald

2009

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Objective: To investigate the association of infant birthweight with maternal diet and supplement intake. Subjects/Methods: Prospective cohort study of 504 European and Polynesian urban and rural pregnant volunteers recruited from northern New Zealand clinics. Subjects were visited in months 4 (mth4) and 7 (mth7) of pregnancy when height, weight and skinfolds were measured, questionnaires to determine personal details administered, and diet assessed by a 24-hour recall and 3-day food record. Results: After adjusting for confounders nutrients accounted for up to 5.0% of the total variance in birthweight. Ethnicity was not a significant confounder. A quadratic relationship existed between birthweight and % total energy (%TE) from carbohydrate, fat and protein, most significantly with carbohydrate energy (P ¼ 0.002). Birthweight was greatest (B3600 g) when carbohydrate %TE was 48%, fat 35% and protein 17%. Birthweight was reduced with high b-carotene intakes (mth4, P ¼ 0.009) and with both high retinol and b-carotene intakes in mth4 and 7 (average). Birthweight was positively associated with increasing pantothenic acid/biotin ratios (P ¼ 0.011), magnesium (P ¼ 0.000) and vitamin D (P ¼ 0.015) intakes in mth4; with biotin (P ¼ 0.040) and B 12 intakes above the RDI (P ¼ 0.006) in mth7; and with pantothenic acid intake in mth4&7 (P ¼ 0.002). Dietary supplement usage was associated with increased birthweight, most significantly iron supplementation (P ¼ 0.006). Conclusion: Birthweight was associated with the %TE from carbohydrate, fat and protein, and with b-carotene, retinol, vitamins D and B 12 , pantothenic acid, biotin and magnesium intakes and iron supplementation. More research may be required on some dietary recommendations for pregnancy.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association of maternal diet and dietary supplement intake in pregnant New Zealand women with infant birthweight

Watson

McDonald

2009

Eur J Clin Nutr

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“…7 Despite better Food and Drug Administration oversight with regard to manufacturing, serious issues of supplement adulteration continue to occur, often resulting in the presence of unlabeled ingredients and in some cases contamination with prescription medications. 5 Given this inherent lack of purity and potency, using a dietary supplement may pose many unknown risks to an unsuspecting athlete. Another problem for athletes who use dietary supplements is that a dietary supplement may be reformulated with a banned substance without any obvious disclosure on the product label or advertising and without the athlete’s noticing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Drug and Dietary Supplement Inquiries by College Athletes

Ambrose

Tsourounis

Olander³

et al. 2009

Sports Health

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Background:In the United States, the National Center for Drug Free Sport manages the drug-testing programs for athletes of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). Through its Resource Exchange Center (REC), Drug Free Sport supports athletic staff and athletes with information regarding drugs and dietary supplements.Purpose:To characterize the types of drug-related and dietary supplement–related inquiries submitted to Drug Free Sport through the REC.Study Design:Cross-sectional study.Methods:All inquiries submitted to the REC for the period of September 1, 2005, through June 30, 2006, were reviewed. The data were categorized by the method of inquiry submission; the name of the substance in question; the sex, sport, and NCAA division of the athlete involved; the nature of the inquiry; and the response provided by the REC regarding the NCAA’s status of the substance in question.Results:Pseudoephedrine, acetaminophen/hydrocodone, and albuterol were the most commonly self-searched medications; stimulants accounted for the majority of banned medications. Dietary supplements accounted for 80% of all inquiries submitted to the REC via the Banned Drug Inquiry Form. Among all dietary supplements, creatine was the most commonly inquired. Banned substances accounted for 29% of all inquiries.Conclusions:There were more than 10 000 inquiries regarding the status of medications, dietary supplements, and other substances for NCAA athletes during the 2005-2006 academic year. It is helpful for athletes to have resources that help them navigate banned-substance lists and so avoid the inadvertent use of banned substances.Clinical Relevance:Educating athletes regarding the stimulant content of various dietary supplements and addressing the lack of clinical trials to support stated claims and safety appear critical.

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“…The degradation of the identified peptides was calculated relative to the unstressed reference solution. The relative peptide amounts after dry heat stress were compared to their relative 95% confidence intervals of the unstressed samples (see Section 3.1) as well as to the 90-110% interval, which is considered as the specification acceptance limits (Larimore & O'Mathuna, 2003;Vergote, Burvenich, Van de Wiele, & De Spiegeleer, 2009;Article 5, EC Directive 2002/46/EC, 2002. The overall total error between both repeats, throughout the different stress conditions, was calculated.…”

Section: Dry Heat Stress Testmentioning

confidence: 99%