Quality Assessment and Classification of Codonopsis Radix Based on Fingerprints and Chemometrics

Abstract

In China, Codonopsis Radix (CR) is frequently consumed both as food and medicine. Here, a comprehensive strategy based on fingerprinting and chemometric approaches was created to explore the influence of origins, storage time and kneading processing on the quality of CR. Firstly, high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection was used to obtain the fingerprints of 35 batches of CR from six different origins and 33 batches of CR from varying storage times or kneading procedures. Secondly, chemometric methods including similarity analysis (SA), principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA), and two-way orthogonal partial least square with discriminant analysis (O2PLS—DA) were used to evaluate the differences of chemical components in CR so as to identify its source and reflect its quality. Moreover, 13 and 16 major compounds were identified as marker compounds for the discrimination of CR from different origins, storage time and kneading processing, respectively. Furthermore, the relative content of the marker components and the exact content of Lobetyolin were measured, indicating that the contents of these components vary significantly between various CR samples. Meanwhile, the chemical components of CR were identified using Mass spectrometry. According to the findings of our investigation, the quality of CR from Gansu was the best, followed by Shanxi and then Sichuan. The quality of CR from Chongqing and Guizhou was poor. At the same time, the quality of CR was the best when it was kneaded and stored for 0 years, indicating that the traditional kneading process of CR is of great significance. Conclusively, HPLC fingerprint in conjunction with chemical pattern recognition and component content determination can be employed to differentiate the raw materials of different CR samples. Additionally, it is also a reliable, comprehensive and prospective method for quality control and evaluation of CR.

A systematic review of the mechanism of action and potential medicinal value of codonopsis pilosula in diseases

“…Although this review provides an in-depth discussion of the role and mechanisms of CP and synthesizes the results of a large number of studies, there are still some limitations. CP comes from a wide range of sources, and different varieties cultivated in various regions have different qualities and therapeutic effects ( Zou et al, 2020 ; Liu X. et al, 2023 ). It was noted that CP produced in Daozhen County, Guizhou Province may be associated with neuroprotection, cardiovascular system improvement, tumor treatment and diabetes treatment.…”

Exploration of Postharvest Conditions for Codonopsis pilosula Nannf. var. modesta (Nannf.) L. T. Shen Roots Based on Sensory Quality, Active Components, Antioxidant Capacity and Physiological Changes at Different Storage Temperatures

“…At present, a combination of chemometrics and quantitative determination of active components is the most accurate and feasible method for comprehensively evaluating and distinguishing the quality of traditional Chinese medicine [11,12]. Principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) are the most common multivariate techniques [13]. Lobetyolin, syringin and atractylenolide III are the main active components in C. pilosula [14][15][16].…”