Quality and Yield Response of Four Warm‐Season Lawngrasses to Shade Conditions<sup>1</sup>

Barrios, Earl P.; Sundstrom, F. J.; Babcock, D. W.; Leger, L.

doi:10.2134/agronj1986.00021962007800020011x

Cited by 22 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Turf visual color score differed as a result of shade with the highest visual color score at 30% shade and lowest scores at 70% shade (Table 3). Similar responses to shade for turf visual quality score had been reported (Barrios et al, 1986;Qian and Engelke, 2000;Trenholm and Nagata, 2005). Turf visual quality was varied in response to K rate.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 52%

“…In both trials, shoot DW of 'Captiva' differed in response to shade with the highest DW at 30% shade and lowest at 70% shade (Tables 1 and 3). This is similar to results reported by Trenholm and Nagata (2005) for st. augustinegrass, 'Bitter Blue', 'Floratam', 'Palmetto', 'Seville', and the experimental line 1997-6 and Barrios et al (1986), who reported that clipping yield of 'Floratam' and 'Floratine' generally decreased with increasing shade. Allard and Nelson (1991) reported that dry matter production of tall fescue was reduced at low irradiance (70% shade) as a result of fewer tillers per plant with no shoot growth response to K rate.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Response of ‘Captiva’ St. Augustinegrass to Shade and Potassium

Cai¹,

Trenholm²,

Kruse³

et al. 2011

horts

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The effects of potassium (K) on stress tolerance of turfgrass have been documented for some environmental stresses but not for shade tolerance. ‘Captiva’ st. augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze] was evaluated in this research project to determine the effects of K and shade on turf performance. The study was conducted at the University of Florida Envirotron Turfgrass Research Laboratory in Gainesville, FL. Grasses were planted in 15.2-cm plastic pots in a climate-controlled glass house. Two consecutive studies were conducted, the first from 20 May to 24 Oct. 2009 and the second from 18 Jan. to 20 June 2010. Grasses were placed in either full sun or under shade structures covered with woven black shadecloth to provide 30%, 50%, or 70% shade. Potassium was applied as potassium chloride (KCl) (0–0–62) at four rates (0, 0.6, 1.2, or 2.4 g·m−2) every 30 days. In both trials, turf visual quality and color scores and dry weight (DW) of shoot and root were lowest at 70% shade and highest at 30% shade. Turf visual quality score increased as K rate increased. Leaf length increased and leaf width decreased as shade level increased. Leaf tissue total Kjedahl nitrogen (TKN) and K concentration increased as shade level increased from 0% to 70%. Thatch DW was greatest at 70% shade and lowest at 30% shade. In the first trial, turf treated with a higher K rate had longer leaf length and greater root DW. Results from this study showed that ‘Captiva’ could maintain acceptable visual quality at up to 50% shade and that K at 2.4 g·m−2 may help turfgrass grow in a shaded environment by improving turf visual quality score, root growth, and leaf tissue K concentration. Additional field plot research should be conducted to verify these responses.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 52%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of ‘Captiva’ St. Augustinegrass to Shade and Potassium

Cai¹,

Trenholm²,

Kruse³

et al. 2011

horts

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“…are documented as shade-tolerant species (Ervin et al, 2002;Trenholm et al, 2004;Qian and Engelke, 2008). had better shade tolerance than 'Floratam' St. Augustinegrass, as indicated by higher quality ratings and clipping yields (Barrios et al, 1986). had better shade tolerance than 'Floratam' St. Augustinegrass, as indicated by higher quality ratings and clipping yields (Barrios et al, 1986).…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Comparative Performance and Daily Light Integral Requirements of Warm‐Season Turfgrasses in Different Seasons

Zhang

Glenn²,

Unruh

et al. 2017

Crop Science

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Shade or reduced sunlight poses a major challenge for maintaining acceptable turfgrass quality. The quantification of daily light integral (DLI, mol m−2 d−1) requirement could help to identify shade‐tolerant germplasm. The objectives of this study were (i) to compare turf performance, and (ii) to determine seasonal DLI requirement of 12 warm‐season turfgrass cultivars in response to varying levels of shade. A greenhouse study that included three experiments was conducted in spring (30/20°C), summer (35/25°C), and winter (25/15°C) months. Shade levels providing 33, 61, and 92% reductions in photosynthetic photo flux were imposed. Twelve cultivars from nine species were evaluated for turfgrass quality (TQ), normalized difference vegetation index, and shoot biomass production over 8 wk. The DLI requirement was obtained through nonlinear regression between DLI and TQ. Most warm‐season turfgrass species maintained acceptable TQ up to 33% shade. ‘TifGrand’ and ‘Tifway’ bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers × C. transvaalensis Burtt‐Davy] required each relatively higher DLI ranging from 9.2 (winter) to 21.4 (summer) mol m−2 d−1. Zoysiagrass (Zoysia spp.) cultivars maintained acceptable TQ up to 61% shade, with the lowest DLI requirements ranging from 5.9 (winter) to 10.9 (summer) mol m−2 d−1. The DLI requirements for the tested grasses were lower in winter (5.9–9.9 mol m−2 d−1) than in spring (9.4–17.4 mol m−2 d−1) and summer (9.9–21.4 mol m−2 d−1). ‘Argentine’ bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge) had an increased DLI requirement relative to other entries in summer months.

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“…It is likely that the fertilizer nutrients were almost or completely lost from the root zone of the re‐invading stolons due mainly to the high rainfall in late May (days 17–27; Table 2), although the present study was able to confirm this as late as at the end of the experiment (Table 3). Furthermore, the non‐significant effect of the −L treatment may be explained by the fact that centipedegrass has good tolerance to low light (Barrios et al. 1986; Islam and Hirata 2005b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ability of centipedegrass (Eremochloa ophiuroides [Munro] Hack.) to spread by stolons: Effects of soil, fertilizer, shade and edging

2012

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The ability of centipedegrass (Eremochloa ophiuroides [Munro] Hack.) to spread by stolons was evaluated in two experiments. Circular gaps (1 m diameter) were created in a monoculture of centipedegrass by removing the vegetation, and re‐invasion of the gaps by stolons originating from the surrounding vegetation was monitored for about 14 weeks. The treatments were three types of substrates (−F, river sand; 0F, original soil; +F, original soil + fertilizer) × two levels of light intensities (−L, 50% sunlight; L, full sunlight) in the gaps for Experiment 1, and four heights (0 [no wall], 1, 3 and 5 cm above ground) of walls edging the gaps for Experiment 2. A summer drought provided an opportunity to examine the effect of severe water stress on stolon development. In Experiment 1, the number of stolons re‐invading the gaps did not differ among the treatments. The elongation and branching of the re‐invading stolons were depressed in the −F gaps, showing no significant responses to the fertilizer application (+F) or shading (−L). In Experiment 2, the number, elongation and branching of re‐invading stolons decreased as the height of the edging wall increased. Across the two experiments, none of the treatments was successful in blocking centipedegrass spread by stolons. Even during the drought, the grass spread stolons on a substrate poor in nutrients and moisture, and over an edging of at least a 5 cm height. Such an ability of centipedegrass is favorable to rapid establishment of the grass after seeding or vegetative planting and also to quick self‐restoration of damaged or denuded patches formed in an established sward or turf. At the same time, the ability places a great difficulty in controlling the escape of the grass from planted areas to prevent or minimize naturalization and subsequent environmental impacts.

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Quality and Yield Response of Four Warm‐Season Lawngrasses to Shade Conditions¹

Cited by 22 publications

References 2 publications

Response of ‘Captiva’ St. Augustinegrass to Shade and Potassium

Response of ‘Captiva’ St. Augustinegrass to Shade and Potassium

Comparative Performance and Daily Light Integral Requirements of Warm‐Season Turfgrasses in Different Seasons

Ability of centipedegrass (Eremochloa ophiuroides [Munro] Hack.) to spread by stolons: Effects of soil, fertilizer, shade and edging

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Quality and Yield Response of Four Warm‐Season Lawngrasses to Shade Conditions1

Cited by 22 publications

References 2 publications

Response of ‘Captiva’ St. Augustinegrass to Shade and Potassium

Response of ‘Captiva’ St. Augustinegrass to Shade and Potassium

Comparative Performance and Daily Light Integral Requirements of Warm‐Season Turfgrasses in Different Seasons

Ability of centipedegrass (Eremochloa ophiuroides [Munro] Hack.) to spread by stolons: Effects of soil, fertilizer, shade and edging

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Quality and Yield Response of Four Warm‐Season Lawngrasses to Shade Conditions¹