Quality and Readability Assessment of Websites on Human Papillomavirus and Oropharyngeal Cancer

Schwarzbach, Hannah L.; Mady, Leila J.; Kaffenberger, Thomas M.; Duvvuri, Umamaheswar; Jabbour, Noel

doi:10.1002/lary.28670

Cited by 16 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(81 reference statements)

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“…This study found that 22.3% of included websites were HONcode verified, which is comparable to rates of 8% to 40% reported in other readability studies in the otolaryngology literature. 10,47 Although HONcode has been in existence since the early days of the internet, participation in HONcode is voluntary and participating websites must pay for certifications. This model may limit participation and account for the relatively low rate of HONcode verification.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent readability assessments within otolaryngology have focused on dysphagia, 8 in-office vocal fold injections, 9 and oropharyngeal cancer. 10 Regarding vocal cord leukoplakia, there remain active discussions within the medical community on malignant potential and desired degree of surgical care (biopsy vs complete microflap removal), as well as the role of nonoperative management, use of angiolytic lasers, and potential for office-based treatment. [11][12][13][14] Correlations between pathologic classification and biologic behavior have been historically poor such that the World Health Organization recently simplified recommended pathologic categorization for vocal fold dysplasia.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Readability of Online Materials Related to Vocal Cord Leukoplakia

Shneyderman

Snow²,

Davis³

et al. 2021

OTO Open

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Objectives To assess readability and understandability of online materials for vocal cord leukoplakia. Study Design Review of online materials. Setting Academic medical center. Methods A Google search of “vocal cord leukoplakia” was performed, and the first 50 websites were considered for analysis. Readability was measured by the Flesch Reading Ease Score (FRES), Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL), and Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG). Understandability and actionability were assessed by 2 independent reviewers with the PEMAT-P (Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool for Printable Materials). Unpaired t tests compared scores between sites aimed at physicians and those at patients, and a Cohen’s kappa was calculated to measure interrater reliability. Results Twenty-two websites (17 patient oriented, 5 physician oriented) met inclusion criteria. For the entire cohort, FRES, FKGL, and SMOG scores (mean ± SD) were 36.90 ± 20.65, 12.96 ± 3.28, and 15.65 ± 3.57, respectively, indicating that materials were difficult to read at a >12th-grade level. PEMAT-P understandability and actionability scores were 73.65% ± 7.05% and 13.63% ± 22.47%. Statistically, patient-oriented sites were more easily read than physician-oriented sites ( P < .02 for each of the FRES, FKGL, and SMOG comparisons); there were no differences in understandability or actionability scores between these categories of sites. Conclusion Online materials for vocal cord leukoplakia are written at a level more advanced than what is recommended for patient education materials. Awareness of the current ways that these online materials are failing our patients may lead to improved education materials in the future.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Readability of Online Materials Related to Vocal Cord Leukoplakia

Shneyderman

Snow²,

Davis³

et al. 2021

OTO Open

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“…Following screening of the websites against the inclusion and exclusion criteria (*Table 2), data was extracted from 32 eligible websites which were patient focused and included specific areas for HNC patients (Online Resource 2, supplementary information). Websites were checked using the Health on the Net [30] toolbar on a web browser to identify those which had been certified by HoN [31]. HoN promotes useful and helpful health information online, providing voluntary certification for presentation of reliable, transparent information [30].…”

Section: Websitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1). Papers originated in the USA (n = 6) [12,31,[33][34][35], UK (n = 3) [36][37][38], Europe (n = 2) [39,40], Canada (n = 1) [41] and a collaborative study (n = 1) [42]. Most of the included studies focused on the process of intervention development and testing (n = 8) [12, 34, 35, 38-40, 42, 43], whereas five studies determined the quality of patient information within the web-based interventions (n = 5) [31,33,36,37,41].…”

Section: Range Of Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Papers originated in the USA (n = 6) [12,31,[33][34][35], UK (n = 3) [36][37][38], Europe (n = 2) [39,40], Canada (n = 1) [41] and a collaborative study (n = 1) [42]. Most of the included studies focused on the process of intervention development and testing (n = 8) [12, 34, 35, 38-40, 42, 43], whereas five studies determined the quality of patient information within the web-based interventions (n = 5) [31,33,36,37,41]. The majority of the web-based interventions focused solely on the post-treatment component of the treatment trajectory, ranging from exercise programmes [34], rehabilitation programmes [39] to self-management and survivorship initiatives [12,35,40,42].…”

Section: Range Of Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Availability and use of web-based interventions for patients with head and neck cancer: a scoping review

Kelly¹,

Gordon²,

Thompson³

et al. 2022

J Cancer Surviv

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Purpose To identify and review the nature, scope and use of web-based interventions for patients with head and neck cancer (HNC). Method A scoping review guided by the methodological framework described by the Joanna Briggs Institute was performed to review empirical studies and websites. Seven electronic databases (CINAHL, Medline, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane, PubMed and PsycInfo) were searched from 2010 to 2020, data extracted and synthesised using thematic analysis. The Google search engine was employed, identifying the first 100 websites, using the search term head and neck cancer. Websites meeting eligibility criteria were assessed using the QUEST analysis tool, and descriptively summarised. Results Thirteen empirical studies and 32 websites were included. As identified by empirical studies, web-based interventions were developed to provide (1) patient information on HNC and related treatments, (2) advice and support during treatment and (3) management strategies promoting adjustment to life with and beyond HNC. The reviewed websites provided minimal information to aid shared decision-making and facilitate preparedness for treatment, with few utilising patient narratives. Web-based interventions for HNC patients were mainly text based and focused on survivorship. Conclusions There is a paucity of theory-based, co-designed web-based interventions using patient narratives. Implications for Cancer Survivors As patients increasingly look to the internet for advice and support, healthcare professionals are in a position to provide high-quality web-based interventions. There is an opportunity to rigorously develop a web-based intervention, containing narratives of peoples’ lives before and after HNC treatment, aiding decision-making, preparedness for treatment and self-management.

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BPPV Information on Google Versus AI (ChatGPT)

Bellinger,

De La Chapa,

Kwak

et al. 2023

Otolaryngol.--head neck surg.

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ObjectiveTo quantitatively compare online patient education materials found using traditional search engines (Google) versus conversational Artificial Intelligence (AI) models (ChatGPT) for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV).Study DesignThe top 30 Google search results for “benign paroxysmal positional vertigo” were compared to the OpenAI conversational AI language model, ChatGPT, responses for 5 common patient questions posed about BPPV in February 2023. Metrics included readability, quality, understandability, and actionability.SettingOnline information.MethodsValidated online information metrics including Flesch‐Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL), Flesch Reading Ease (FRE), DISCERN instrument score, and Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool for Printed Materials were analyzed and scored by reviewers.ResultsMean readability scores, FKGL and FRE, for the Google webpages were 10.7 ± 2.6 and 46.5 ± 14.3, respectively. ChatGPT responses had a higher FKGL score of 13.9 ± 2.5 (P < .001) and a lower FRE score of 34.9 ± 11.2 (P = .005), both corresponding to lower readability. The Google webpages had a DISCERN part 2 score of 25.4 ± 7.5 compared to the individual ChatGPT responses with a score of 17.5 ± 3.9 (P = .001), and the combined ChatGPT responses with a score of 25.0 ± 0.9 (P = .928). The average scores of the reviewers for all ChatGPT responses for accuracy were 4.19 ± 0.82 and 4.31 ± 0.67 for currency.ConclusionThe results of this study suggest that the information on ChatGPT is more difficult to read, of lower quality, and more difficult to comprehend compared to information on Google searches.

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Quality and Readability Assessment of Websites on Human Papillomavirus and Oropharyngeal Cancer

Cited by 16 publications

References 22 publications

Readability of Online Materials Related to Vocal Cord Leukoplakia

Readability of Online Materials Related to Vocal Cord Leukoplakia

Availability and use of web-based interventions for patients with head and neck cancer: a scoping review

BPPV Information on Google Versus AI (ChatGPT)

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