Qualitative Studies on the Metabolism of Naphthalene in Maia Squinado (Herbst)

Abstract

Many studies have been made on the metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in mammals and it has been shown that these animals can convert compounds such as naphthalene into several metabolites (see, for example, Corner & Young, 1955). Baldwin (1957) has remarked on the ability of mammals to metabolize substances that they are unlikely to meet ‘except through the medium of the laboratory’. Marine animals, how-ever, can encounter these compounds in their normal environment, considerable quantities of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons being present in crude oil (Boylan & Tripp, 1971), in which form substantial amounts must be released into the sea annually.Little work has been done on the metabolism of naphthalene in marine animals, apart from studies confined – as far as we are aware – to experiments with three species of fish (Lee, Sauerheber & Dobbs, 1972) and the mussel Mytilus edulis L. (Lee, Sauerheber & Benson, 1972). Data obtained using fish were consistent with those of earlier studies with mammals in showing that the hydrocarbon is converted into hydroxylated derivatives: but no evidence of naphthalene metabolism was found in the experiments with Mytilus. Indeed, until the present work, the only species of invertebrate that has been found to metabolize the compound is the housefly Musca domestica L. (Terriere, Boose & Roubal, 1961).The present study, using Maia squinado (Herbst), has been carried out as part of a general investigation of the accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in marine food chains and was designed to establish whether a marine crustacean possesses a means of metabolizing naphthalene by converting it into soluble excretion products.

On the nutrition and metabolism of zooplankton XII. Measurements by radioimmunoassay of the levels of a steroid in Calanus

“…Many steroids in mammals are conjugated as glucuronides and sulphates, with which the antibodies show little, if any, tendency to react (Kellie, 1975): moreover, the extraction and cbromatographic methods used would have excluded them. Conjugates of a related kind, formed from i-naphthol as the substrate, have been detected in a marine crustacean by Corner, Kilvington & O'Hara (1973) and it is possible that at least some of the E 2 in copepods could also be present in a conjugated form. Accordingly, it seems advisable to regard the levels of E 2 found in the present work as minimal.…”

Petroleum compounds in the marine food web: short-term experiments on the fate of naphthalene in Calanus

“…Secondly, naphthalene and its alkyl-derivatives have been shown to account for most of the toxicity of these oils to marine animals (Boylan & Tripp, 1971;Anderson et ah, 1974). Furthermore, naphthalene is exceptional among aromatic hydrocarbons in that studies have been made of its metabolism in certain invertebrates (Terriere, Boose & Roubal, 1961;Corner, Kilvington & O'Hara, 1973;Lee, 1975) as well as in mammals. In addition, the mammalian work (reviewed by Corner, 1975) has shown that the metabolism of naphthalene and that of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzo[a]pyrene have enough in common to encourage the view that much might be predicted about the metabolic fate in marine animals of these more complex hydrocarbons from the results of studies using a much simpler hydrocarbon such as naphthalene.…”

Pharmacokinetics of 2-naphthol following intrapericardial administration, and formation of 2-naphthyl- beta --glucoside and 2-naphthyl sulphate D in the American lobster, Homarus americanus

“…The salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch, metabolized naphthalene to several metabolites including glucuronide, glucoside and sulphate conjugates of hydroxylated naphthalene metabolites (Malins et al 1979). In crab, Maia squinado, exposed to naphthalene, the urine contained glucoside and sulphate conjugates of 1-naphthol as well as glucoside conjugates of 1,2-dihydroxyl,1,2-dihydronaphthalene (Corner et al 1973). In spot shrimp, Pandalus platyceros, exposed to naphthalene, peaks which co-migrated on hplc with authentic naphthylsulphate, naphthylglucuronide and naphthylglucoside were found, although it was discussed by Sanborn and Malins (1980) that the peak identi®ed as napthylglucuronide was present in naphthalene-spiked seawater, and may not have been produced in the shrimp.…”