Qualitative research. Part 3: Methods

Abstract

Background: In the third and final article in this three part series, I look at sampling in qualitative studies, methods of data collection and analysis. Content: Building on the previous two articles, I highlight the importance of rigour and explore some of the different criteria used by researchers to demonstrate that their research is trustworthy. I include a brief discussion of some of the more recent trends in mixed-method or post-positivist research. Conclusions: Qualitative research is different in many ways to quantitative, and it cannot be approached with the same mind-set. It seeks to explore different aspects to quantitative research, focusing on the individual experience, rather than conclusions that can be drawn from large groups. Because of these differences, the two approaches to research should not be seen as alternatives, but complementary.

Neurotrauma clinicians’ perspectives on the contextual challenges associated with long-term follow-up following traumatic brain injury in low-income and middle-income countries: a qualitative study protocol

“… 30 31 Instead qualitative research is judged by more appropriate criteria such as credibility and trustworthiness. 32 These hallmarks of quality determine the rigour of a qualitative study. In this study, we intend to include a number of strategies advocated by Nicholls 32 to increase the rigour of the methods and consequently the final findings.…”

“… 32 These hallmarks of quality determine the rigour of a qualitative study. In this study, we intend to include a number of strategies advocated by Nicholls 32 to increase the rigour of the methods and consequently the final findings. First, following a reflexive, interpretive approach our findings will be strengthened through the critical dialogue between members of the research team, principally BGS and CJW, and subsequently with our coauthors.…”

Characterizing International Approaches to Weaning Children From Tube Feeding: A Scoping Review

“…Data extraction and analysis approaches were underpinned by qualitative research approaches to rigor, to manage any influence of unconscious biases held by the authors 33 . This included all 3 authors, only one of whom has specific experience in pediatric tube weaning (E.J.L.…”

Neurosurgeons’ experiences of conducting and disseminating clinical research in low-income and middle-income countries: a reflexive thematic analysis

“…Neurosurgeons from LMICs were recruited using a purposive approach where participants are selected who are able to inform the research question 17 (see below). Definition of a country as low income or middle income was guided by the 2017-2018 world bank list of economies.…”

“…Strategies to increase quality in qualitative research are collectively known as 'trustworthiness' and are used by qualitative researchers 17 in place of traditional concepts like validity, reliability and generalisability. 19 26 There are four domains to trustworthiness: credibility, dependability, transferability and confirmability.…”