Qualitative Characterisation of Trace Elements in Diesel Particulate Matter from In-Use Diesel Engine Passenger Vehicles by Means of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Viskup, Richard; Wolf, Christoph; Baumgärtner, Werner

doi:10.5772/intechopen.93067

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 29 publications

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“…238 Cd traces were lower in diesel PM and biodiesel PM because the primary source of Cd was the wear of components. 239 In biodiesel PM, the Pb traces decreased with increasing engine load. 240 Cr, Na, and Zn traces were higher in biodiesel PM than diesel Ref.…”

Section: Effects Of Dilution On Pm Samplingmentioning

confidence: 97%

Review of morphological and chemical characteristics of particulates from compression ignition engines

Agarwal

Krishnamoorthi

2022

International Journal of Engine Research

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Particulates from compression ignition (CI) engines have received serious attention in the last two decades. CI engines emit higher particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) than spark ignition (SI) engines. Both these species are harmful to human health and the environment. Compared to NOx emissions, PM constitutes many more chemical species in solid and liquid phases. This review paper focuses on soot morphology and chemical characterization of PM emissions from CI engines. Effects of different fuels, lubricating oil, and engine operating conditions on particulate characteristics are analyzed exhaustively. The first part of this paper focuses on the effects of particulates on living organisms, the consequences of exposure to diesel particulates, and the composition of diesel particulates. In recent decades, micro and nano-scale characteristics of PM have been exhaustively investigated to understand its structure, formation, and chemical functionalities. Typically, particulates comprise of elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), the soluble organic fraction (SOF), and trace metals. This paper summarizes most aspects of diesel particulate emissions for the benefit of active researchers in the field and underlines the importance of particulate emission reduction from the CI engines. Diesel combustion generates particles with enormous long-chain aggregates of smaller sizes and immature soot particles. Low-temperature combustion (LTC) modes and oxygenated fuels reduce the soot emissions and generate compact/clustered aggregates. Oxygenated fuels in CI engines produce more nucleation mode particles (NMPs) and high-reactivity soot aggregates. Higher trace metal concentrations were observed in diesel origin particulates than biofuel origin particulates. Biodiesel origin particulates possess higher mutagenicity and carcinogenicity because of nitro-PAHs. Transient engine operations cause higher particulates than steady-state engine operations.

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Section: Effects Of Dilution On Pm Samplingmentioning

confidence: 97%

Review of morphological and chemical characteristics of particulates from compression ignition engines

Agarwal

Krishnamoorthi

2022

International Journal of Engine Research

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Spectrochemical Analytical Characterisation of Particulate Matter Emissions Generated from In-Use Diesel Engine Vehicles

Viskup

Vereshchaga

Stadler

et al. 2020

The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Atmospheric Sciences

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The pollutant emissions from vehicles are forming major sources of metallic nanoparticles into the environment and surrounding atmosphere. In this research we spectrochemicaly analyse chemical composition of Particle Matter emissions from in-use Diesel engine passenger vehicles. We have extracted Diesel Particulate Matter from the end part of the tail pipe, from more than seventy different vehicles. And in laboratory we have used the high resolution laser induced plasma spectroscopy (LIBS) spectrochemical analytical technique to sensitively analyse chemical elements in different DPM. We have found that PM is composed of major, minor and trace chemical elements. The major compound of PM is not strictly Carbon element but rather other adsorbed metallic nanoparticles such as Iron, Chromium, Magnesium, Zinc, Calcium. Beside the major elements of DPM there are also minor elements: Silicon, Nickel, Titan, Potassium, Strontium, Molybdenium and others. Additionally in DPM are adsorbed atomic trace elements like Barium, Boron, Cobalt, Copper, Phosphorus, Manganese and Platinum. All these chemical elements are forming significant atomic composition of real PM from in-use Diesel engine vehicles.

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Qualitative Characterisation of Trace Elements in Diesel Particulate Matter from In-Use Diesel Engine Passenger Vehicles by Means of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Cited by 2 publications

References 29 publications

Review of morphological and chemical characteristics of particulates from compression ignition engines

Review of morphological and chemical characteristics of particulates from compression ignition engines

Spectrochemical Analytical Characterisation of Particulate Matter Emissions Generated from In-Use Diesel Engine Vehicles

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