Qualitative and value production of tree species in mixed spruce-fir-beech stands under the conditions of the Western Carpathians

Štefančík, Igor; Petráš, Rudolf; Mecko, J.; Novák, Jiří

doi:10.2478/forj-2021-0004

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…This aims at an optimal growing stock and a balanced diameter distribution ensuring a sustainable equilibrium of natural regeneration, growth, and harvest [205,247,248]. Replacing monocultures with more drought-resilient mixtures, including, e.g., silver fir, European beech, oak, and maple, could not only increase biodiversity but also have economic benefits [249,250]. For instance, monodominant forests produce 20 Mg ha −1 less biomass than stands with admixtures [223].…”

Section: Indicators Western Carpathians Eastern Carpathians Southern ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Carpathian Forests: Past and Recent Developments

Kholiavchuk,

Gurgiser,

Mayr

2023

Forests

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Forests of the Carpathians are of increasing research interest, as they cover a large area (>9 Mha) within European forests and are influenced by diverse environmental conditions and contrasting historical developments. We reviewed 251 papers dealing with Carpathian forests, their history, and future perspectives. Over 70% of articles and reviews appeared in the last ten years, and 80% refer to the Western and Eastern Carpathians, while the Serbian Carpathians remain a gap in this research field. Forest expansion and species changes have occurred since Holocene deglaciation, influenced by timber use, settlements, cropland development, and, since the Bronze Age, pasture activities. At higher elevations, early conifer successors have been increasingly replaced by Norway spruce (Picea abies), silver fir (Abies alba), European beech (Fagus sylvatica), and hornbeam (Carpinus betulus), while oaks have been present in the Carpathian foothills throughout the whole of history. In the 19th and 20th centuries, Norway spruce afforestation was favored, and timber use peaked. Recent transitions from agriculture to forest land use have led to a further increase in forest cover (+1 to +14% in different countries), though past forest management practices and recent environmental changes have impaired forest vitality in many regions; climate warming already causes shifts in treelines and species distributions, and it triggers pest outbreaks and diseases and affects tree–water relations. The risk of forest damage is the highest in monodominant Norway spruce forests, which often experience dieback after cascade disturbances. European beech forests are more resilient unless affected by summer droughts. In the future, increasing dominance of broadleaves within Carpathian forests and forest management based on a mix of intensive management and ecological silviculture are expected. Maintenance and promotion of silver fir and mixed European beech forests should be encouraged with respect to forest stability, biodiversity, and economic sustainability. As supported by the Carpathian Convention and related institutions and initiatives, connectivity, management, and stakeholder cooperation across administrative borders will be crucial for the future adaptive potential of Carpathian forests.

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Section: Indicators Western Carpathians Eastern Carpathians Southern ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Carpathian Forests: Past and Recent Developments

Kholiavchuk,

Gurgiser,

Mayr

2023

Forests

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“…In these conditions it forms mixed forests together with European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and Norway spruce (the so-called Hercynian mixture) (Musil 2003). The uneven-aged mixed stands with a complicated internal structure are typical (Hofmeister et al 2008;Slanař et al 2017;Štefančík et al 2021;Dinca et al 2022). In the other forest vegetation zones, fir usually occurs only as a mixed or interspersed tree species and it usually has reduced vitality.…”

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confidence: 99%

Intensive initial care of silver fir using improving compounds: A way to support diverse forests?

Suraweera¹,

Baláš²,

Gallo³

et al. 2023

J. For. Sci.

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In some cases, it is difficult to promote climax tree species in the forest stand composition. In the Czech Republic, silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) is a typical example. This study offers an evaluation of the use of two improving compounds for tree plantations in the initial stage of growth in Central Bohemia. In the experiment, we measured the initial growth performance of a young fir plantation treated with a brassinolide compound (concentration 1 : 100 and 1 : 200) and Bio-Algeen ® prior to planting and compared it with control treatment: we assessed height, root collar diameter, vitality and mortality rate during the period 2014-2019. Cumulative mortality rate of the plantation reached 25% at the end of the monitoring period, without any significant differences between variants. Height increment of the variant treated with Bio-Algeen ® was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than the growth of brassinolide-treated variants, all treated variants were comparable with the control variant. The plantation underwent a drought-stress period in 2014 and 2015, which resulted in worsened vitality and colour across variants. As a result of the simple economic analysis, the most expensive inputs are planting stock and labour, therefore the price and application of additional substances should not affect decision-making.

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Qualitative and value production of tree species in mixed spruce-fir-beech stands under the conditions of the Western Carpathians

Cited by 2 publications

References 45 publications

Carpathian Forests: Past and Recent Developments

Carpathian Forests: Past and Recent Developments

Intensive initial care of silver fir using improving compounds: A way to support diverse forests?

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