Qualitative and Quantitative Phytochemical Analysis of the Ethanolic and Aqueous Extracts of Solanum nigrum L.

Abstract

Solanum nigrum Linn. belongs to the Solanaceae family and is a widely used as medicinal plant. This herb has been found to possess a diverse array of therapeutic properties, such as its ability to combat tumors, reduce inflammation, provide antioxidant benefits, exhibit antibacterial effects, and offer neuroprotective advantages. Historically, it has been employed for addressing a spectrum of conditions including to treat rheumatic and gouty joints, skin ailments, nervous disorders, nausea, and tuberculosis, acute nephritis, urethritis, eczema, leucorrhea, cancer, sore throat, toothache, dermatitis, carbuncles, and furuncles. The phytochemical components found in Solanum nigrum encompass alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and steroids, among others. In this research, a qualitative examination of the aqueous extract from Solanum nigrum indicated the presence of alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids, resins, and cardiac glycosides, while minimal amount of tannins was detected and steroids were not detected. The quantitative phytochemical analysis revealed that the constituents in both the aqueous and ethanolic extracts had higher concentrations of flavonoids, phenols, and ascorbic acid, whereas cardiac glycosides and alkaloids were present in negligible quantities. Additionally, the ethanolic extract of phytate showed minimal amounts of these compounds.