Qualitative and quantitative investigation of post–mortem cement refractory: The case of magnesia–spinel bricks

Belgacem, Sahar; Galai, Haykel; Tiss, Houcine

doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2016.09.077

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In fact, the high amount of Fe 2 O 3 induces the decrease of the clinker liquid phase “L.P” viscosity during the burning process. In this case, the liquid phase becomes very fluid and there is a high risk of ring formation in the kiln, which causes the blockage of the burning lining ( Kumar, 2013 ; Belgacem et al, 2016 ; Sengupta, 2020 ). So, it is imperative to optimize a good raw meal (especially if it is not doped with iron ore) to obtain SR Portland cement with a low amount of aluminate phase (C 3 A) and to prevent poor operation of the cement kiln.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Natural Resources Exploitation in Sulfate-Resisting Portland Cement Manufacturing: Towards Quality Improvement and Reduction of Environmental Impact

Labidi

Megriche

2022

Front. Chem.

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Sulfate-resisting (SR) Portland cement is commonly used in building works to improve concrete’s durability against external sulfate attack. This attack is considered a very serious chemical aggression that causes damage and cracking of concrete structures. These special cements have a very particular mineralogical composition, C3A ≤ 3% and (2C3A + C4AF) ≤ 20%, which makes the cementitious matrix resistant to sulfate attack. This kind of product is very difficult to manufacture since low alumina (C3A) necessitates the use of a high kiln temperature in order to keep a sufficient liquid phase necessary to maintain the stability of the cement manufacturing process. In this context, this study aims to optimize SR Portland cement raw meals using natural materials collected from different regions in Tunisia, mainly ordinary limestone, siliceous limestone, black marl, grey marl, iron ore, and natural fluorapatite. The collected specimens were characterized by an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer in order to determine its elemental chemical composition. The optimization of the SR Portland cement raw meal combinations was done by means of a calculation tool based on the chemical composition of each used raw material and the variation of burning modules (LSF, SIM, and ALM). It has been found that natural fluorapatite integration (0%–15%) in raw mix preparation leads to the raw meals required for the SR Portland cement standard (C3A ≤ 3% et 2 C3A + C4AF ≤ 20%). Moreover, it was shown that the estimated SR raw meals ensure the cement manufacturing process stability (acceptable burning modules “LSF = 100; SIM = 3; ALM = 0.91 and sufficient liquid phase) and decrease the CO2 emissions in cement production.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The latter protects the refractory bricks of the cement kiln and its continuance is considered a necessity ( Belgacem et al, 2016 ). Indeed, as the viscosity of L.P is increased, the coating will be heavier and the risk of brick removal will be increased.…”

Section: Bibliographic Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Resources Exploitation in Sulfate-Resisting Portland Cement Manufacturing: Towards Quality Improvement and Reduction of Environmental Impact

Labidi

Megriche

2022

Front. Chem.

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“…When the mineralogical examinations were combined with the Rietveld method, it was determined that the reason for the deterioration of the refractory brick was sulfur content and high temperature (>1600 °C). It has also been observed that sulfur deteriorates the elasticity of the brick [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of The Use of Calcium Naphthalene Sulfonate as A Binder in Magnesite Spinel Brick Production and Determination of Optimum Conditions

Küçük

2024

BEN

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Refractory materials are indispensable for industries working with high temperatures. Magnesite spinel refractory bricks are used in the cement industry, and calcium lignosulfonate is used as a binder in their production. Due to forest fires and similar reasons in recent years, there is a problem in the supply of calcium lignosulfonate raw materials. In this study, research was conducted on alternative binders to be used in the production of magnesite spinel bricks and the optimum conditions for production with the selected binder were determined. Some of the binders are calcium naphthalene sulfonate, sodium naphthalene sulfonate, magnesium oxide, magnesium sulfate, and molasses. As a result of preliminary tests, it was observed that the most successful results were obtained with calcium naphthalene sulfonate. The optimum conditions for the production of magnesite spinel refractory bricks using calcium naphthalene sulfonate were found by the Taguchi method. As parameters, seawater sintered magnesite in 4 different fractions (A: 3-5 mm, B: 1-3 mm, C: 0-1 mm and D: Powder) and Sinter Spinel in 2 different fractions (E: 3-5 mm and F: 1-3 mm) in total, 6 parameters were selected and an L16 (44x22) Taguchi orthogonal array design was created for this. Volume weight, water absorption, porosity, and strength tests were performed on the samples obtained. Accordingly, taking into account the strength values, the optimum conditions were determined as A1, B1, C2, D4, E1 and F2. Under these conditions, the estimated strength value was calculated as 84.24 N/mm2 and the experimental value was 83.85 N/mm2.

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“…The toxicity of hexavalent chromium is about 100 times higher than that of trivalent chromium. It is a strong mutagenic substance and can induce lung cancer and nasopharyngeal cancer [12][13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Recovery of Valuable Metals From Spent Magnesia–Chrome Refractories by Ferric Chloride–Hydrochloride Leaching

Xue

Jiao

et al. 2021

J. Sustain. Metall.

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A large amount of spent magnesia-chrome refractories is produced every year from nonferrous metallurgy industry in China. These spent refractories contain not only Mg and Cr but also a large amount of Ag, Pb, Bi, Cu, Sb and other valuable metals. This study proposes a high-efficiency, low-cost and recyclable technology for the treatment of spent magnesia-chromium refractories. In the hydrochloric acid-ferric chloride leaching system, under the conditions of hydrochloric acid concentration of 4.0 mol/L, liquid-solid ratio of 7:1, ferric chloride dosage of 4%, leaching temperature of 70 °C, leaching time of 90 min and stirring intensity of 500 rpm, Cr, Fe and Al are enriched in the leaching residue, and the recoveries are 92.26%, 78.30% and 97.34%, respectively. The extraction rates of Mg, Pb, Bi, Sb, Cu and Ag are 89.04%, 98.88%, 99.82%, 91.48%, 92.64% and 96.38%, respectively. The residue can be used as chromium products, whilst metal ion in the leachate can be precipitated as metallurgical raw materials. According to thermodynamic calculation and experiments, ferric chloride can greatly improve the leaching rate of copper, silver and bismuth in the hydrochloric acid system, depending on its own oxidation ability and increase the concentration of chloride ion.The contributing editor for this article was Atsushi Shibayama.

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Qualitative and quantitative investigation of post–mortem cement refractory: The case of magnesia–spinel bricks

Cited by 15 publications

References 23 publications

Natural Resources Exploitation in Sulfate-Resisting Portland Cement Manufacturing: Towards Quality Improvement and Reduction of Environmental Impact

Natural Resources Exploitation in Sulfate-Resisting Portland Cement Manufacturing: Towards Quality Improvement and Reduction of Environmental Impact

Investigation of The Use of Calcium Naphthalene Sulfonate as A Binder in Magnesite Spinel Brick Production and Determination of Optimum Conditions

Comprehensive Recovery of Valuable Metals From Spent Magnesia–Chrome Refractories by Ferric Chloride–Hydrochloride Leaching

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