Qualitative and Quantitative Evaluation of Sulfur-Containing Compound Types in Heavy Crude Oil and Its Fractions

Vetere, Alessandro; Pröfrock, Daniel; Schräder, Wolfgang

doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.1c00491

Cited by 25 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(85 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, they potentially have biological activity and may pose an environmental and toxicological hazard. 11,[36][37][38] Therefore, their characterization is an important pursuit. They are routinely analyzed by direct infusion mass spectrometry that provides the molecular formula but not connectivity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extended characterization of petroleum aromatics using off-line LC-GC-MS

Huynh

Jensen

Sundberg

2021

Preprint

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Crude oil remains a grand challenge for analytical chemists. With the advent of multidimensional chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry, an impressive number of compounds have been identified. However, the large diversity in structure and abundance makes it difficult to obtain full compound coverage in a single analysis. Sample preparation methods such as solid-phase extraction and SARA-type analysis reduces this complexity. However, the molecular diversity within each fraction is still highly complex. Thus, in the routine analysis, only a small part of the chemical space is typically characterized. Obtaining a more detailed composition of crude oil is important for production, processing and environmental aspects. We have developed a high-resolution fractionation method for isolation and preconcentration of trace aromatics, including oxygenated and nitrogencontaining species. By the isolation of the more abundant aromatics, i.e. monoaromatics and naphthalenes, trace species can be enriched for analysis. This enables the identification of features not detectable by routine methods. We demonstrate the applicability by fractionation and subsequent GC-MS analysis of 14 crude oils sourced from the North Sea. The number of tentatively identified compounds increased by approximately 60 to 150% compared to solidphase extraction and GC×GC-MS. Furthermore, the method was used to successfully isolate and identify a new set of heteroatom-containing aromatics (amines, ketones). The method is not intended to replace traditional sample preparation techniques or multi-dimensional chromatography but acts as a complementary tool. An in-depth comparison to routine characterization techniques is presented concerning advantages and disadvantages.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extended characterization of petroleum aromatics using off-line LC-GC-MS

Huynh

Jensen

Sundberg

2021

Preprint

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“…Aromatic nitrogen and sulfur compounds are detrimental in petroleum processing. Furthermore, they potentially have biological activity and may pose an environmental and toxicological hazard (López García et al, 2002;Anyanwu & Semple, 2015;Zhang et al, 2018;Vetere, Pröfrock & Schrader, 2021). Therefore, their characterization is an important pursuit.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extended characterization of petroleum aromatics using off-line LC-GC-MS

Huynh

Jensen

Sundberg

2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Crude oil remains a grand challenge for analytical chemists. With the advent of multi-dimensional chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry, an impressive number of compounds have been identified. However, the large diversity in structure and abundance makes it difficult to obtain full compound coverage in a single analysis. Sample preparation methods such as solid-phase extraction and SARA-type analysis reduces this complexity. However, the molecular diversity within each fraction is still highly complex. Thus, in the routine analysis, only a small part of the chemical space is typically characterized. Obtaining a more detailed composition of crude oil is important for production, processing and environmental aspects. We have developed a high-resolution fractionation method for isolation and preconcentration of trace aromatics, including oxygenated and nitrogen-containing species. By the isolation of the more abundant aromatics, i.e. monoaromatics and naphthalenes, trace species can be enriched for analysis. This enables the identification of features not detectable by routine methods. We demonstrate the applicability by fractionation and subsequent GC-MS analysis of 14 crude oils sourced from the North Sea. The number of tentatively identified compounds increased by approximately 60 to 150% compared to solid-phase extraction and GC×GC-MS. Furthermore, the method was used to successfully isolate and identify a new set of heteroatom-containing aromatics (amines, ketones). The method is not intended to replace traditional sample preparation techniques or multi-dimensional chromatography but acts as a complementary tool. An in-depth comparison to routine characterization techniques is presented concerning advantages and disadvantages.

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“…Some ILs can act as both extractant and catalyst such as [Omim][HSO 4 ], [BPy][BF 4 ], and [EimC 4 SO 3 H]NTf 2 . Some ILs can be applied as only catalysts such as [Cn(mim) 2 ]Cl 2 /mFeCl 3 , [EMIM][NiCl 2 ], [EMIM][CoCl 2 ], [EMIM][MnCl 2 ], [PW 12 O 40 ], − …”

Section: Catalytic Oxidative–extractive Desulfurizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The combustion of fossil fuels releases sulfur oxides, which can cause adverse effects on the environment, health, and economy. , Nowadays, the strongest incentive to decrease sulfur in fossil fuels is strict environmental regulations. , Desulfurization is the removal of sulfur-containing compounds from solid, gas, or liquid fuels . Sulfur removal from petroleum products is one of the most challenges in petroleum refining. , As presented in Table , the sulfur in liquid fuels exists in various forms such as mercaptans, sulfides, disulfides, thiophene (Th), benzothiophene (BT), dibenzothiophene (DBT), 4,6-dimethyl dibenzothiophene (4,6-DMDBT), benzonaphthothiophene (BNT), and so on . One of the most important purposes of green chemistry is to reduce the negative effects of chemical and petroleum industries on human health and the environment .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Key Factors Affecting the Development of Oxidative Desulfurization of Liquid Fuels: A Critical Review

et al. 2021

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Complete and effective sulfur removal from liquid fuels is essential to meet the sulfur standard requirements. The oxidative desulfurization (ODS) process has been extensively used for the desulfurization of liquid fuels. In the current study, a comprehensive survey was conducted on the most important factors of ODS, including the types of catalysts, oxidizing agents, extraction solvents, liquid fuels, and process operating conditions. Various types of catalysts, nanocatalysts, magnetic catalysts, photocatalysts, electrocatalysts, biocatalysts, and emulsion catalytic systems have been studied in the ODS process. According to the obtained results, desulfurization catalysts were categorized into 11 groups, including metal oxides, metal complexes, metal free, titanosilicates, ionic liquids, polyoxometalates, metal−organic frameworks, porous aromatic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks, enzymes, and Fenton and Fenton-like catalysts. The advantages and drawbacks of the ODS catalysts were reviewed. The results indicate that the development of experimental design, modeling, and simulation in the ODS process helps to identify the most important variables, facilitate future research, and achieve maximum sulfur removal. Using technologies assisted with ODS such as ultrasound, cold plasma, microwave radiation, hydrodynamic cavitation, photo/light, electrochemistry, magnetic field, and biotechnology can improve sulfur removal and reduce reaction time.

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Qualitative and Quantitative Evaluation of Sulfur-Containing Compound Types in Heavy Crude Oil and Its Fractions

Cited by 25 publications

References 47 publications

Extended characterization of petroleum aromatics using off-line LC-GC-MS

Extended characterization of petroleum aromatics using off-line LC-GC-MS

Extended characterization of petroleum aromatics using off-line LC-GC-MS

Key Factors Affecting the Development of Oxidative Desulfurization of Liquid Fuels: A Critical Review

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