Qualitative and Quantitative Detection of Acacia Honey Adulteration with Glucose Syrup Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

Abstract

Honey adulteration with cheap sweeteners such as corn syrup or invert syrup results in honey of lesser quality that can harm the objectives of both manufacturers and consumers. Therefore, there is a growing interest for the development of a fast and simple method for adulteration detection. In this work, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) was used for the detection of honey adulteration and changes in the physical and chemical properties of the prepared adulterations. Fifteen (15) acacia honey samples were adulterated with glucose syrup in a range from 10% to 90%. Raw and pre-processed NIR spectra of pure honey samples and prepared adulterations were subjected to Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression, and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) modeling. The results showed that PCA ensures distinct grouping of samples in pure honey samples, honey adulterations, and pure adulteration using NIR spectra after the Multiplicative Scatter Correction (MSC) method. Furthermore, PLS models developed for the prediction of the added adulterant amount, moisture content, and conductivity can be considered sufficient for screening based on RPD and RER values (1.7401 < RPD < 2.7601; 7.7128 < RER < 8.7157) (RPD of 2.7601; RER of 8.7157) and can be moderately used in practice. The R2validation of the developed ANN models was greater than 0.86 for all outputs examined. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that NIR coupled with ANN modeling can be considered an efficient tool for honey adulteration quantification.

Tracking of Thermal, Physicochemical, and Biological Parameters of a Long-Term Stored Honey Artificially Adulterated with Sugar Syrups

“…The ability to scavenge DPPH free radical was lowered by as much as over 50%. A similar tendency to decrease antioxidant properties and total phenolic content of honey adulterated with sugar syrups was previously observed, including the dependence of the decrease on the share of sugar syrups [ 12 , 41 , 42 , 43 ]. Such a trend could be explained by the dilution effect: introducing a certain increasing volume of syrup into the honey does not introduce new biologically active compounds, it only dilutes the sample.…”

Non-Targeted Detection and Quantification of Food Adulteration of High-Quality Stingless Bee Honey (SBH) via a Portable LED-Based Fluorescence Spectroscopy

“…Using PLSR, R 2 = 0.9268, and R 2 = 0.9100 were reported for calibration and validation, respectively [ 26 ]. Possible quantification of glucose syrup adulteration in Acacia honey in the range of 10–90% ( w / w ) from Croatia was also investigated using NIR spectroscopy, resulting in the best PLSR model using pre-treated NIR spectra with R 2 = 0.8978 for calibration and R 2 = 0.8557 for validation [ 72 ]. Raypah et al [ 73 ] studied SBH adulteration using visible-near infrared (VIS-NIR) spectroscopy combined with aquaphotomics.…”

Fast Discrimination and Quantification Analysis of Atractylodis rhizoma Using NIR Spectroscopy Coupled with Chemometrics Tools

“…NIR spectroscopy technology is the fastest-growing and most concerned spectral analysis technology since the 1990s, with characteristics such as fast analysis speed, low cost, rich information, and nondestructive samples. It is widely used in fields such as honey, , agriculture, , tea, , energy, , environment, and traditional Chinese medicine. − NIR spectroscopy technology can quickly obtain the internal overall information of the sample to be tested for qualitative analysis. At the same time, it can also combine some chromatography and mass spectrometry technologies to quantitatively detect the substances contained in the sample through chemometric methods.…”