Qualitative and Quantitative Comparison of Renal vs. Hepatic Ultrasonographic Intensity in Healthy Dogs

Ivančić, Marina; Maï, Wilfried

doi:10.1111/j.1740-8261.2008.00383.x

Cited by 41 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Liver echogenicity was lower in comparison to the right renal cortex, a finding that contrasts with humans [47], but is in accordance to what has been described in dogs [49]. In cats, renal cortical echogenicity varies in normal animals [50].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Ultrasound imaging in an experimental model of fatty liver disease and cirrhosis in rats

et al. 2010

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BackgroundDomestic dogs and cats are very well known to develop chronic hepatic diseases, including hepatic lipidosis and cirrhosis. Ultrasonographic examination is extensively used to detect them. However, there are still few reports on the use of the ultrasound B-mode scan in correlation with histological findings to evaluate diffuse hepatic changes in rodents, which represent the most important animal group used in experimental models of liver diseases. The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of ultrasound findings in the assessment of fatty liver disease and cirrhosis when compared to histological results in Wistar rats by following up a murine model of chronic hepatic disease.ResultsForty Wistar rats (30 treated, 10 controls) were included. Liver injury was induced by dual exposure to CCl4 and ethanol for 4, 8 and 15 weeks. Liver echogenicity, its correlation to the right renal cortex echogenicity, measurement of portal vein diameter (PVD) and the presence of ascites were evaluated and compared to histological findings of hepatic steatosis and cirrhosis. Liver echogenicity correlated to hepatic steatosis when it was greater or equal to the right renal cortex echogenicity, with a sensitivity of 90%, specificity of 100%, positive and negative predictive values of 100% and 76.9% respectively, and accuracy of 92.5%. Findings of heterogeneous liver echogenicity and irregular surface correlated to liver cirrhosis with a sensitivity of 70.6%, specificity of 100%, positive and negative predictive values of 100% and 82.1% respectively, and accuracy of 87.5%. PVD was significantly increased in both steatotic and cirrhotic rats; however, the later had greater diameters. PVD cut-off point separating steatosis from cirrhosis was 2.1 mm (sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 90.5%). One third of cirrhotic rats presented with ascites.ConclusionThe use of ultrasound imaging in the follow-up of murine diffuse liver disease models is feasible and efficient, especially when the studied parameters are used in combination. The potential implication of this study is to provide a non-invasive method that allows follow-up studies of fatty liver disease and cirrhosis of individual rats for pre-clinical drug or cell based therapies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Ultrasound imaging in an experimental model of fatty liver disease and cirrhosis in rats

et al. 2010

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“…These papers presented renal cortical echogenicity assessed by means of a tissue equivalent phantom [4] or in comparison to other organs [5, 6]. It is the authors’ opinion that both these approaches have some limitations; comparison with a tissue equivalent phantom is a complicated and time consuming procedure [4].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is the authors’ opinion that both these approaches have some limitations; comparison with a tissue equivalent phantom is a complicated and time consuming procedure [4]. On the other hand, comparison with other organs is unreliable because: 1) renal cortical echogenicity in dogs with normal renal function is reported to be hypo, iso- or hyper-echoic to the liver [5]; 2) it assumes the spleen or the liver to be normal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship of diagnostic accuracy of renal cortical echogenicity with renal histopathology in dogs and cats, a quantitative study

et al. 2016

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BackgroundRenal cortical echogenicity is routinely evaluated during ultrasonographic investigation of the kidneys. Both in dog and cat previous ex-vivo studies have revealed a poor correlation between renal echogenicity and corresponding lesions. The aim of this study was to establish the in-vivo relationship between renal cortical echogenicity and renal histopathology.ResultsThirty-eight dogs and fifteen cats euthanized for critical medical conditions were included in the study. Ultrasonographic images of both kidneys were acquired ante mortem at standardized ultrasonographic settings. The echogenicity was quantified by means of Mean Gray Value (MGV) of the renal cortex measured with ImageJ. A complete histopathological examination of both kidneys was performed. Five kidneys were excluded because histopathology revealed neoplastic lesions. Only samples affected by tubular atrophy showed statistically different values in dog, and histopathology explained 13% of the total variance. MGV was not correlated neither to the degeneration nor to the inflammation scores. However, significant differences were identified between mildly and severely degenerated samples. Overall, the classification efficiency of MGV to detect renal lesions was poor with a sensitivity of 39% and a specificity of 86%.In cats, samples affected by both tubular vacuolar degeneration and interstitial nephritis were statistically different and histopathology explained 44% of the total variance. A linear correlation was evident between degeneration and MGV, whereas no correlation with inflammation was found. Statistically significant differences were evident only between normal and severely degenerated samples with a sensitivity of 54.17% and a specificity of 83.3% and MGV resulted scarce to discriminate renal lesions in this species.ConclusionsRenal cortical echogenicity shows low relevance in detecting chronic renal disease in dog whereas it results worth to identify severe renal damage in cat.

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“…No entanto, pesquisas recentes tem contestado os padrões estabelecidos na literatura (Ivancic & Mai 2008). De uma forma geral, o aumento e a diminuição da ecogenicidade pode estar relacionado à nefrite intersticial e glomerular, a necrose tubular aguda e ao edema (Nyland & Mattoon 2005, Espada et al 2006, o que possivelmente ocorre nos rins das cadelas com injúria renal aguda (Ross 2011), como nos casos de piometra.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Ultrassonografia Doppler na avaliação renal de cadelas diagnosticadas com piometra antes e após tratamento com ovariosalpingohisterectomia

Santos

Merlini²,

Souza

et al. 2013

Pesq. Vet. Bras.

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The aim of this study was evaluate the renal hemodynamics of bitches with pyometra by means of laboratory tests, ultrasound B mode and Doppler, before and after treatment with ovariohysterectomy (OSH). This study evaluated 30 bitches with pyometra, all were subjected to OSH (moment 1) and 20 were evaluated after 7 days (moment 2). The renal perfusion, the resistivity index (RI) of the main renal artery and the interlobar arteries (cranial, middle and caudal) were statistically different between times 1 and 2 (p<0,05). There was no statistical difference for renal perfusion between the left and the right kidney at the time 1 and 2. The correlations between the IR of the main artery and the variables used to determine renal function were stablished at the time 1. For the correlated variables: urea, creatinine, proteinuria, ratio GGT/creatinine and protein/creatinine were curvilinear and positive associations with the resistivity index of the main renal artery (p<0,05), however these correlations were considered medium and weak. Comparing the RI of the main renal artery with different scores of dehydration and renal perfusion, there was statistical difference, and show increased of resistance renal in bitches with moderate reduction in renal perfusion as well as in dehydrated bitches. Were evaluated several features of renal morphology in ultrasound B mode, however, only the presence of pelvic dilatation, medullary signal and other changes as infarcts areas and diffuse hyperechoic spots in the renal cortical and medullary were statistically different from one moment to the other, most frequently at the time 2. The results of this study show that the Doppler ultrasound can identify changes of reduction in renal perfusion by color Doppler and the increasing of the resistivity index of the renal arteries in some bitches with pyometra. As well as, the ultrasound B mode, although has non-specific changes, can detect progressive renal disorders in bitches with pyometra.

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Qualitative and Quantitative Comparison of Renal vs. Hepatic Ultrasonographic Intensity in Healthy Dogs

Cited by 41 publications

References 22 publications

Ultrasound imaging in an experimental model of fatty liver disease and cirrhosis in rats

Ultrasound imaging in an experimental model of fatty liver disease and cirrhosis in rats

Relationship of diagnostic accuracy of renal cortical echogenicity with renal histopathology in dogs and cats, a quantitative study

Ultrassonografia Doppler na avaliação renal de cadelas diagnosticadas com piometra antes e após tratamento com ovariosalpingohisterectomia

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