2021
DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104953
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Qualitative and quantitative assessment of the potential effect of cigarette smoking on enamel of human smokers’ teeth

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Cited by 3 publications
(2 citation statements)
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“…Little evidence is present for the exact mechanisms of how tobacco and nicotine products may discolor teeth. Scanning electron microscopy findings, by Ibrahim et al 2019 (Ibrahim and Hassan, 2020 ) show that cigarette smoke exposure causes variable degrees of destruction from surface pits and holes to destruction of the rod substance of enamel. These surface irregularities could then be more susceptible to three direct staining mechanisms described by Nathoo ( 1997 ) by which chromogens could cause staining.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 98%
“…Little evidence is present for the exact mechanisms of how tobacco and nicotine products may discolor teeth. Scanning electron microscopy findings, by Ibrahim et al 2019 (Ibrahim and Hassan, 2020 ) show that cigarette smoke exposure causes variable degrees of destruction from surface pits and holes to destruction of the rod substance of enamel. These surface irregularities could then be more susceptible to three direct staining mechanisms described by Nathoo ( 1997 ) by which chromogens could cause staining.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 98%
“…Other aspects such as personal hygiene [ 19 ] or smoking habits [ 224 ] can condition the state of the teeth and even their mechanical properties. Ibrahim and Hassan (2021) studied the effect of smoking habits on enamel, finding out that there is a decrease in microhardness and calcium in smoking subjects’ teeth [ 224 ].…”
Section: Environment Dependent Factorsmentioning
confidence: 99%