Qualitative and quantitative analysis of retinol, retinyl esters, tocopherols and selected carotenoids out of various internal organs from different species by HPLC

Schaffer, Michael; Roy, Somdutta Sinha; Mukherjee, Sanjoy; Nöhr, Donatus; Wolter, Michael; Biesalski, Hans Konrad; Ong, David E.; Das, Salil K.

doi:10.1039/c0ay00288g

Cited by 23 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…GPx activity was assessed with a commercially available kit (BioVision, Milpitas, CA, USA), while α-tocopherol levels were determined by LC-FL. 16) Previous studies reported that hepato-renal α-tocopherol was positively correlated with TG. 17,18) Hence, in this study, hepatorenal α-tocopherol levels were expressed as the ratio of α-tocopherol to TG.…”

Section: Chemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic and renal damages in rat: inhibitory effects of cacao polyphenol

Suzuki

Nakagawa

Yamamoto

et al. 2015

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry

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Here, we investigated the protective effect of cacao polyphenol extract (CPE) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepato-renal oxidative stress in rats. Rats were administered CPE for 7 days and then received intraperitoneal injection of CCl4. Two hours after injection, we found that CCl4 treatment significantly increased biochemical injury markers, lipid peroxides (phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxide (PCOOH) and malondialdehyde (MDA)) and decreased glutathione peroxidase activity in kidney rather than liver, suggesting that kidney is more vulnerable to oxidative stress under the present experimental conditions. CPE supplementation significantly reduced these changes, indicating that this compound has antioxidant properties against CCl4-induced oxidative stress. An inhibitory effect of CPE on CCl4-induced CYP2E1 mRNA degradation may provide an explanation for CPE antioxidant property. Together, these results provide quantitative evidence of the in vivo antioxidant properties of CPE, especially in terms of PCOOH and MDA levels in the kidneys of CCl4-treated rats.

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Section: Chemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic and renal damages in rat: inhibitory effects of cacao polyphenol

Suzuki

Nakagawa

Yamamoto

et al. 2015

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry

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“…Recent work in our laboratory indicates that rodent species such as mouse and rat differ significantly in their lung vitamin A profile in comparison to guinea pig and human, which show a remarkable similarity [18]. This raises the question whether substantial changes also exist in the detailed regulation of the vitamin A signaling pathway and RA-dependent gene expression, which in turn would still leave the question open if inhaled ATRA can prevent, alter, or abrogate pathological conditions in lung cancer, chronic lung obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and emphysema.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Preparations were carried out under dim yellow light, and aliquots frozen at −80°C. HPLC-analyses and sample extractions were performed as reported earlier [18]. According to the manufacturer PARI, the mass median diameter for a typical aerosol is 2.9 micron in a PARI LC Star nebulizer driven by a PRONEB Ultra Compressor.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uptake of all-transretinoic acid–containing aerosol by inhalation to lungs in a guinea pig model system—A pilot study

Schaffer

Roy

Mukherjee

et al. 2010

Experimental Lung Research

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Systemic therapies with retinoic acid (RA) can result in toxic side effects without yielding biologically effective levels in target tissues such as lung. The authors adapted a PARI LC Star nebulizer to create a tubular system for short-term inhalation treatment of guinea pigs using a water-miscible formulation of all-trans RA (ATRA) or vehicle. Based on the initial average weight, animals received an estimated average ATRA doses of either 0.32 mg·kg −1 (low dose, 1.4 mM), or 0.62 mg·kg −1 (medium dose, 2.8 mM), or 1.26 mg·kg −1 (high dose, 5.6 mM) 20 minutes per day for 6 consecutive days. This system led to a rise of ATRA levels in lung, but not liver or plasma. Cellular lung levels of retinol, retinyl palmitate, and retinyl stearate also appeared to be unaffected (245.6 ± 10.7, 47.4 ± 3.4, and 132.8 ± 7.7 ng·g −1 wet weight, respectively). The application of this aerosolized ATRA also induced a dose-dependent protein expression of the cellular retinol-binding protein 1 (CRBP-1) in lung, without apparent harmful side effects. Keywordsaerosol; CRBP-1; guinea pig; inhalation; lung; retinoic acid; therapy Biologically active derivatives of vitamin A, most notably retinoic acid (RA) isomers, exert a wide variety of effects on development and cellular differentiation [1]. The actions of RA are mediated by nuclear retinoid receptors, RARs and RXRs [2], each encoded by three genes (RARα, β, γ and RXRα, β, γ) [3]. Vitamin A and its derivatives also show therapeutic activity toward several cancer and skin disorders [4].The major problem with the use of retinoids is their toxicity. ATRA (tretinoin) causes headache, nausea, vomiting, bleeding, irregular heartbeat, hearing loss, liver failure, plus teratogenic effects in pregnant women [5]. Massaro and Massaro [6] reported in their work that RA treatment reverses anatomical characteristics and increases lung volume of elastase-induced emphysema in SpragueDawley rats. Although demonstrating a beneficial effect, animals received the RA treatment via intraperitoneal administration.Two recent human trials investigated the effects of orally applied 13-cis retinoic acid [7] in patients with stage I non-small-cell lung cancer and 9-cis RA [8] Both studies reported significant toxic side effects. Thus, the ratio of efficacy to toxicity, termed the "therapeutic ratio," became a critical consideration.Inhalation therapy seems a more hopeful approach. Using a PARI-based inhalation device, in this pilot study we exposed guinea pigs to a 100% water-soluble ATRA nebulizing solution. We evaluated the uptake of inhaled ATRA in guinea pig lungs by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Furthermore, we also analyzed the effects of inhaled ATRA on a direct RA-inducible biomarker, the cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP-1), which has been shown to contain a RA-responsive element in its promotor [12,13].CRBP-1 plays a major role in the cellular uptake of retinol from the blood into the cells via a receptor-bound mechanism (STRA6) [14] and in the generation of i...

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“…The intrinsic fluorophore standards were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO), and their concentrations in solutions were determined by UV–VIS spectrophotometry using the extinction coefficients supplied by the manufacturer or from the literature [31,32]. Retinol and all-trans retinoic acid (catalog #R7632 and #R2625) were prepared in DMSO at concentrations of 0.13 mM and 46 mM, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intravital microscopy of biosensor activities and intrinsic metabolic states

Winfree

Hato

Day

2017

Methods

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Intravital microscopy (IVM) is an imaging tool that is capable of detecting subcellular signaling or metabolic events as they occur in tissues in the living animal. Imaging in highly scattering biological tissues, however, is challenging because of the attenuation of signal in images acquired at increasing depths. Depth-dependent signal attenuation is the major impediment to IVM, limiting the depth from which significant data can be obtained. Therefore, making quantitative measurements by IVM requires methods that use internal calibration, or alternatively, a completely different way of evaluating the signals. Here, we describe how ratiometric imaging of genetically encoded biosensor probes can be used to make quantitative measurements of changes in the activity of cell signaling pathways. Then, we describe how fluorescence lifetime imaging can be used for label-free measurements of the metabolic states of cells within the living animal.

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Qualitative and quantitative analysis of retinol, retinyl esters, tocopherols and selected carotenoids out of various internal organs from different species by HPLC

Cited by 23 publications

References 36 publications

Carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic and renal damages in rat: inhibitory effects of cacao polyphenol

Carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic and renal damages in rat: inhibitory effects of cacao polyphenol

Uptake of all-transretinoic acid–containing aerosol by inhalation to lungs in a guinea pig model system—A pilot study

Intravital microscopy of biosensor activities and intrinsic metabolic states

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