Qualitative and Quantitative Analyses on Project Deficiencies in Flat-Roof Design in Extremadura, Spain

Carretero-Ayuso, Manuel J.; García-Sanz-Calcedo, Justo; Rodríguez, Antonio Manuel Reyes

doi:10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0001176

Cited by 19 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The above is not incompatible with the responsibility that designers have (e.g., by their lack of skill or knowledge) or with the poor quality conditions in the construction as factors that may intervene in the presence of deficiencies (Figure 9 shows a number of examples). In fact, there is research evaluating the quality of designs [13], though this is an unpredictable factor, specific to a given particular climate area and, as such, it cannot be ascribed to a rank of concentration of anomalies in the face of another rank. On the other hand, there is not a significant difference in the construction of flat roofs [33] and of pitched roofs [34] between the different regions of Spain, given that the technical regulations are the same for the entire country [27] and they are similarly constructed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Carretero-Ayuso et al [13] analyzed design deficiencies of flat roof projects in Extremadura (Spain), detecting that a large number of roof projects are inadequate; they did not, however, further examine the influence of climate conditions or building location [14] in the problems arising during buildings' service life. In turn, Alba Cruz et al [15] analyzed the influence of improved construction quality controls on the designs of waterproofing systems, but also did not take into account climate conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Climate Conditions on Deficiencies of Building Roofs

Carretero-Ayuso

Moreno-Cansado²,

García-Sanz-Calcedo

2019

Applied Sciences

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Climate conditions affect buildings’ performance and durability. The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of climate conditions on roof deficiencies. 763 cases of such deficiencies were analyzed in this regard. Once the construction deficiencies were quantified, they were characterized from a climatological point of view and their ‘climate location segments’ were studied to obtain ‘ranges of concentration of anomalies’ according to the obtained percentage. A direct relation is shown to exist between the location of the building (latitude, situation, type of climate, precipitation, thermal demands, and average wind speed) and a greater or smaller concentration of deficiencies found in both flat and pitched buildings. It was also found that an annual average wind speed greater than 3 m/s increases the appearance of deficiencies in roofs. A higher prevalence of deficiencies was also found in those geographical zones with a thermal demand of 1800–2800 heating degree days or 450–700 cooling degree days. It was found that a higher percentage of construction deficiencies are concentrated in buildings located in the northern coastal climate segments of Spain. With these results, technicians will be able to take more appropriate precautions during both the building process and the use and maintenance phase.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Climate Conditions on Deficiencies of Building Roofs

Carretero-Ayuso

Moreno-Cansado²,

García-Sanz-Calcedo

2019

Applied Sciences

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“…La fase de diseño es crucial para hacer posible la reducción de todos estos tipos de impactos ambientales. La supervisión de los proyectos -antes de que estos empiecen a ser construidos- [23] o del control de las problemáticas de construcción [24] permitiría mejorar la calidad de la construcción de las cubiertas. En este sentido, es importante la elección de alternativas constructivas que permitan escoger soluciones de menor impacto ambiental, como forma de contribuir a la concienciación del sector inmobiliario y dotarlo de un valor añadido.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Waste production on terraces with PVC sheets and study of their CO2 emissions = Producción de residuos en azoteas con láminas de PVC y estudio de sus emisiones de CO2

Chaparro

García-Sanz-Calcedo

Sánchez-Barroso

et al. 2019

BMA

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The objective of the analysis presented is to compare the environmental impact of different solutions of roofs according to the CO2 emissions they release into the atmosphere (in kg/m 2), as well as the generation of waste (in kg/m 2), from the nature of their different constituent layers. For this purpose, waste has been grouped under two criteria: waste per placement and waste per packaging. The analysed roofs are all with a slope of less than 5% (i.e. flat roofs); in order to be more specific, the typologies that were inverted type have been chosen (which means that the insulation was arranged over the waterproofing), given that they are the most commonly used. In addition, only variants with the waterproofing layer consisting of a PVC membrane and three different types of roofs were compared: non-trafficable flat roof finished with gravel (Type A), garden flat roof (Type B) and walkable flat roof with fixed tile flooring (Type C). To make this comparison, the BEDEC database of Instituto de Tecnología de la Construcción (ITEC) has been used and the characterisation of the constituent layers has been carried out according with the LER codes (European Waste List). In addition, life cycle analysis techniques have been used according to the UNE-EN-ISO-14040:2006 and UNE-EN-ISO-14044:2006 standards. It was verified that the least efficient roof with the highest environmental impact values corresponds to Type C.

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“…All of this makes it so that, in general, participants are unaware of the risks which many solutions imply and, in particular, leads designers to not have an effective self-evaluation and feedback mechanism to prevent designs from leading to the same construction flaws. In this regard, it is considered that implementing external and specialized prior supervision of roof designs [47] is an excellent way of minimizing the flaws which might subsequently arise [36]. If, in addition, a real and comprehensive control were carried out during the execution stage, the number of cases found herein would have been far lower [52].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The aforementioned results lead the authors to understand that roof designs in Spain should be especially careful about their technical prescriptions and, specifically, about substantially improving [47] aspects related to tail-ends which may lead to infiltrations and entry of water, as also occurs in other countries [15]. In this regard, for [48], the main reasons for problems in buildings are defects in the design stage and in the execution stage, representing the great portion of subsequent construction flaws.…”

Section: Analysis By Demographic Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Calculation of the Risk of Lawsuits over Construction Flaws in Flat Roofs

Carretero-Ayuso

Rodríguez-Jiménez

2019

Sustainability

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In order to achieve sustainability objectives in the use of a building, its elements’ operating problems should be minimized. From this premise, a total of 497 cases related to construction flaws in flat roofs were analyzed in this research. A matrix was developed indicating the risk of lawsuits by owners according to the degree of nuisance resulting from the construction flaws studied, their technical importance, and the type of pathological origin. Based on these factors, it is possible to predict a greater or lesser probability of an owner filing a lawsuit—risk factor (F). A wide range was found for this probability, with the largest value being 865 times greater than the smallest value. The value of F was divided into 5 categories to classify the diverse results obtained and determine the number of cases and interrelations ascribed to each category. Additionally, the level of presence of said cases was calculated through the analysis of 3 different demographic aspects, it being noted that a greater purchasing power and a higher concentration of urban population lead to more stringent requirements and, subsequently, to a greater number of lawsuits. With all these results, building quality can be improved while resulting in greater constructive-financial sustainability and in a reduction of the economic resources required of society (fewer lawsuits and associated human resources).

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Qualitative and Quantitative Analyses on Project Deficiencies in Flat-Roof Design in Extremadura, Spain

Cited by 19 publications

References 16 publications

Influence of Climate Conditions on Deficiencies of Building Roofs

Influence of Climate Conditions on Deficiencies of Building Roofs

Waste production on terraces with PVC sheets and study of their CO2 emissions = Producción de residuos en azoteas con láminas de PVC y estudio de sus emisiones de CO2

Calculation of the Risk of Lawsuits over Construction Flaws in Flat Roofs

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